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| 1058 | Chancellor
Clement III |  |
| | Appointed Imperial Chancellor for Italy, 1058-63 |
| 1848 | Chancellor
Charles Anthony | |
| | Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| 1848 | Election
Charles Anthony | |
| | Presides over new elections to the Diet, results in a liberal victory |
| 1870 | Chancellor
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Appointed Imperial Chancellor of the 1st Reich |
| 1870 | Unification
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Prussian victory establishes German unity |
| 1870 | Diplomacy
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| July 11th | Meets Gorchakov & secures an understanding with Russia |
| 1870 | Unification
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Nov 14th | Baden & Hesse join the Confederation of Germany |
| Nov 14th | Baden & Hesse join the Confederation of Germany |
| Nov 23rd | Germany is united under a single Confederation |
| 1871 | Alliance
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Reconciles William & Francis Joseph & discusses Alliance with Beust |
| 1871 | Centre Party
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Defends Catholic interests against Bismarck's Kulturkampf |
| 1871 | Chancellor
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Appointed Imperial Chancellor of the German Empire |
| | The 1866 North German Constitution becomes the 1871 Constitution of the German Empire with some adjustments |
| | The German Empire is the name used in English to describe the first 47 years of the German Reich when it was a semi-Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the unification of Germany and proclamation of William I of Prussia as German Emperor |
| | The new empire has a Parliament with two houses, the lower house, or Reichstag, is elected by universal male suffrage, however, the original constituencies drawn in 1871 were never redrawn to reflect the growth of urban areas |
| 1871 | Constitution
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | In the 1871 German Empire, the Chancellor served both as the Emperor's first minister, and as presiding officer of the Bundesrat, the upper chamber of the German parliament, appointed by the Emperor |
| | Legislation requires the consent of the Bundesrat, the federal council of deputies from the states, executive power is vested in the emperor, or Kaiser, who is assisted by a chancellor responsible only to him |
| | The unified Germany under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck is called in German Deutsches Reich, remains the official name of Germany until 1945 |
| | When the German Empire was founded in 1871, the bulk of the empire was constituted from the Prussian-led Protestant states of the former North German Confederation |
| | A Federal Government, Bundesrat, elected by regional Governments |
| | A National Government, Reichstag, elected by all males over 25 by secret ballot |
| | Bismarck's intention is to create a Constitutional fa‡ade which would mask the continuation of authoritarian policies |
| | Officially, the chancellor is a one-man cabinet and is responsible for the conduct of all state affairs; in practice, the State Secretaries (officials in charge of fields as finance, war, foreign affairs, etc.) act as unofficial portfolio ministers |
| | Prussia uses a highly restrictive three-class voting system in which the richest third of the population could choose 85 percent of the legislature, all but assuring a conservative majority |
| | The Reichstag has the power to pass, amend or reject bills, it could not initiate Legislation, the power of initiating Legislation rests with the Chancellor |
| | With the exception of the years 1872-1873 and 1892-1894, the Chancellor is always simultaneously the prime minister of Prussia, with 17 out of 58 votes in the Bundesrat, Berlin needed only a few votes from the small states to exercise control |
| 1871 | Deutsches Reich
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | The unified Germany under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck is called in German Deutsches Reich, remains the official name of Germany until 1945 |
| 1871 | Kanzelparagraph
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Among the measures taken to reduce the influence of the Catholic Church was the addition in 1871 of þ 130a to the German Criminal Code (Strafgesetzbuch), which threatened clergy who discussed politics from the pulpit with two years of prison |
| | The 1871 Kanzelparagraph introduced a series of sanctions against Catholicism imposed by Bismarck throughout 1875 |
| | The article is dubbed the Kanzelparagraph (from the German Kanzel - "pulpit") |
| | The Kanzelparagraph remains in force until 1953, several religious orders like the Jesuits remained banned from the German Empire, confiscated properties were not returned, discrimination against the Catholic minority continued in Civil Service |
| 1871 | Kulturkampf
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Among the measures taken to reduce the influence of the Catholic Church was the addition of þ 130a to the German Criminal Code (Strafgesetzbuch), which threatened clergy who discussed politics from the pulpit with two years of prison |
| | Refers to German policies in relation to secularity and the influence of the Roman Catholic Church, enacted from 1871 to 1878 by the Chancellor of the German Empire, Otto von Bismarck |
| | The 1871 Kanzelparagraph introduced a series of sanctions against Catholicism imposed by Bismarck throughout 1875 |
| 1871 | Reichstag
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | The new empire has a Parliament with two houses, the lower house, or Reichstag, is elected by universal male suffrage, however, the original constituencies drawn in 1871 were never redrawn to reflect the growth of urban areas |
| 1871 | Strafgesetzbuch
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Among the measures taken to reduce the influence of the Catholic Church was the addition in 1871 of þ 130a to the German Criminal Code (Strafgesetzbuch), which threatened clergy who discussed politics from the pulpit with two years of prison |
| 1871 | Unification
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | A National Government, Reichstag, elected by all males over 25 by secret ballot |
| 1871 | Peace
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Jan 25th | Royal orders force Moltke to submit to Bismarck who wishes to end the war |
| Jan 26th | Put in control of the armistice talks |
| Feb | Discusses peace terms with Thiers & Favre |
| 1871 | Kulturkampf
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Feb 7th | The Kanzelparagraph remains in force until 1953, several religious orders like the Jesuits remained banned from the German Empire, confiscated properties were not returned, discrimination against the Catholic minority continued in Civil Service |
| 1871 | Reichstag
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Mar 21st | Opens the 1st Reichstag of the 2nd Reich |
| 1871 | Rule of Alsace
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| May 10th | Under the treaty of Frankfurt Germany keeps Alsace |
| 1871 | Rule of Lorraine
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| May 10th | Under the treaty of Frankfurt Germany keeps Alsace |
| 1871 | Treaty of Frankfurt
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| May 10th | A German army of occuption will remain in France until the war indemnity is paid |
| May 10th | Ends the Franco-Prussian War |
| May 10th | Germany keeps Alsace & Lorraine |
| 1872 | Alliance
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | William, Franz Joseph & Nicholas meet, Bismarck wants to create another Holy Alliance |
| 1872 | Chancellor
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Persuades William to Appoint Roon as Minister of President of Prussia |
| 1872 | Diplomacy
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | the Jesuits are banned (and remained banned in Germany until 1917) and in December the German Government broke off diplomatic relations with the Vatican |
| | William, Franz Joseph & Nicholas meet, Bismarck can create another Holy Alliance |
| 1872 | Dismissal
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Has Roon dismissed after 10 months because he fails to sufficiently support Bismarck |
| 1872 | Kulturkampf
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | The estate of the Church was confiscated, monastic orders dissolved, and the paragraphs of the Prussian Constitution assuring the freedom of the Catholics is removed |
| | the Jesuits are banned (and remained banned in Germany until 1917) and in December the German Government broke off diplomatic relations with the Vatican |
| Mar | Religious schools are forced to undergo official Government inspection and in June religious teachers are banned from Government schools |
| 1872 | Legislation
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Mar | Religious schools are forced to undergo official Government inspection and in June religious teachers are banned from Government schools |
| 1872 | Education
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| May | Under the May Laws administered by Adalbert Falk, the state begins to monitor the education of clergy closely, creates a secular court for cases involving the clergy, and requires notification of all clergy employment |
| 1872 | Kulturkampf
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| May | The Jesuits are banned (and remained banned in Germany until 1917) |
| May | Under the May Laws administered by Adalbert Falk, the state begins to monitor the education of clergy closely, creates a secular court for cases involving the clergy, and requires notification of all clergy employment |
| 1872 | Legislation
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| May | The Jesuits are banned (and remained banned in Germany until 1917) |
| May | Under the May Laws administered by Adalbert Falk, the state begins to monitor the education of clergy closely, creates a secular court for cases involving the clergy, and requires notification of all clergy employment |
| 1872 | May Laws
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| May | Under the May Laws administered by Adalbert Falk, the state begins to monitor the education of clergy closely, creates a secular court for cases involving the clergy, and requires notification of all clergy employment |
| 1872 | Kulturkampf
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| June | Religious schools are forced to undergo official Government inspection and religious teachers are banned from Government schools |
| 1872 | Diplomacy
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Dec | The German Government breaks off diplomatic relations with the Vatican |
| 1872 | Kulturkampf
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Dec | The German Government breaks off diplomatic relations with the Vatican |
| 1873 | Alliance
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | William, Moltke & Bismarck agree a military convention with the Russians |
| 1873 | Kulturkampf
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Bismarck sees the addition of the southern German states (especially Catholic Bavaria) as a possible threat to the Empire's stability |
| | Tensions were also increased by the 1870 Vatican Council proclamation on papal infallibility |
| | The term "Kulurkampf" is 1st used to describe Bismark's crusade against the Catholics |
| | Two archbishops are in prison & 1300 parishes do not have a priest |
| 1873 | Legislation
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | The "May Laws" of 1873-75 require state approval for training & licensing of priests |
| | The "May Laws" of 1873-75 require state approval for training & licensing priests |
| 1873 | Reform
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | The "May Laws" of 1873-75 require state approval for training & licensing of priests |
| | The "May Laws" of 1873-75 require state approval for training & licensing priests |
| 1873 | Roman Catholic Church
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | The "May Laws" of 1873-75 require state approval for training & licensing priests |
| 1873 | Invasion of France
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Jan 9th | German occupation forces begin to evacuate France following the death of Napoleon III |
| 1873 | Diplomacy
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| May 6th | A military convention between Germany & Russia |
| 1873 | Invasion of France
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Sep 8th | Germany completes it's evacuation of France |
| 1873 | Alliance
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Oct 22nd | An Alliance of the Emperors of Germany, Russia & Austria |
| 1873 | Diplomacy
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Oct 22nd | An Alliance of the Emperors of Germany, Russia & Austria |
| 1873 | Minister
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Oct 22nd | The office of Minister-President of Prussia is temporarily separated from that of Chancellor, when Albrecht von Roon is appointed to the former office, but by the end of the year, Roon resigned due to ill health, and Bismarck becomes PM |
| 1874 | Budget
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Finally passes the military budget, each military budget is to last 7 years |
| 1874 | Catholic Centre Party
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Bismarck's attempts to restrict the power of the Catholic Church, represented in politics by the Catholic Centre Party, were not successful, in the 1874 elections, these forces double their representation in the parliament |
| 1874 | Election
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Bismarck's attempts to restrict the power of the Catholic Church, represented in politics by the Catholic Centre Party, were not successful, in the 1874 elections, these forces double their representation in the parliament |
| 1874 | Kulturkampf
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Bismarck even blames the poisoning of a popular lion from Berlin Zoological Gardens on Catholic conspirators |
| | Bismarck's attempts to restrict the power of the Catholic Church, represented in politics by the Catholic Centre Party, were not successful, in the 1874 elections, these forces double their representation in the parliament |
| 1874 | Plot
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | A Catholic, Heinz Kullman, attempts to assassinate Bismarck at Bad Kissingen |
| 1874 | Election
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Jan 23rd | Catholics rally around the Centre Party which increases its vote from 63 to 91 seats |
| Jan 23rd | The Catholic Centre increases its seats because of hatred of the May Laws |
| 1874 | Legislation
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| May 25th | Further May Laws against the Ultramontane clergy provoking Pius IX to annul them |
| May 25th | Further May Laws against the Ultramontane clergy provoking Pius IX to annul them |
| 1874 | Kulturkampf
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| July 13th | Eduard Kullmann attempts to assassinate Bismarck with a pistol, but only hits his hand, Kullmann names the church laws as the reason why he had to shoot Bismarck |
| 1874 | Arrest
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Oct 4th | Count Arnim is arrested after the discovery of a plot to replace Bismarck by him |
| 1875 | Constitution
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | The Congregations Law of 1875 abolishes religious orders, stops state subsidies to the Catholic Church, and removes religious protections from the Prussian Constitution |
| 1875 | Kulturkampf
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Marriage becomes a mandatory civil ceremony, removed from the control of the Church |
| | The 1871 Kanzelparagraph introduced a series of sanctions against Catholicism imposed by Bismarck throughout 1875 |
| | The Congregations Law of 1875 abolishes religious orders, stops state subsidies to the Catholic Church, and removes religious protections from the Prussian Constitution |
| 1875 | Legislation
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Marriage becomes a mandatory civil ceremony, removed from the control of the Church |
| | The Congregations Law of 1875 abolishes religious orders, stops state subsidies to the Catholic Church, and removes religious protections from the Prussian Constitution |
| 1875 | Diplomacy
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Feb 24th | Seeks to preserve relations with Russia after problems with France |
| April 8th | Creates tension with France whe he asks "is war in sight?" in the Berlin Post |
| April 8th | Louis Decazes seeks support from Russia & Britain against Bismarck, war is averted |
| April 8th | Starts a war scare with France |
| | Offers Russia an Alliance if for Alsace-Lorraine, Russia refuses |
| 1876 | Rule of Alsace Lorraine
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Offers Russia an Alliance if for Alsace-Lorraine, Russia refuses |
| 1878 | Alliance
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Abandons the National Liberals in favour of the Conservatives after the Kulturkampf |
| 1878 | Catholic Centre Party
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | The struggle against socialism unites Bismarck with the Catholic Centre Party, bringing an end to the Kulturkampf, which had led to far greater Catholic unrest than existed beforehand and had strengthened rather than weakened Catholicism |
| 1878 | Kulturkampf
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | The struggle against socialism unites Bismarck with the Catholic Centre Party, bringing an end to the Kulturkampf, which had led to far greater Catholic unrest than existed beforehand and had strengthened rather than weakened Catholicism |
| | Falk is dismissed & most anti-Catholic laws are dismantled |
| | Pius dies & is replaced by the conciliatory Leo X |
| 1878 | Reform
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Prohibition of the Socialist Party press & organization |
| 1878 | SDP
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | The SPD defends itself by conventions in London & Switzerland |
| 1878 | Treaty of Berlin
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Acts as "the honest broker" |
| | Russia gains Bessarabia, Bulgaria is reduced in size & placed under Turkish rule |
| | Under the treaty of Berlin Romania gains Dobrudja, Serbia & Montenegro become independent |
| 1878 | Kulturkampf
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Feb 7th | Moderates his struggle with the Catholic Church and in the wake of Pius IX's death on February 7, 1878, reconciled with the new Pope, Leo XIII, lifting some sanctions |
| 1878 | Congress of Berlin
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| June 13th | Opening day of the Congress of Berlin to resolve the "Eastern Question" |
| June 13th | The congress aims to revise the treaty of San Stefano and keep Constantinople in Ottoman hands and disavow Russia's victory over the decaying Ottoman Empire in the Russia-Turkey War, 1877-78 |
| June 13th | The Congress of Berlin redistributes back to the Ottoman Empire certain Bulgarian territories that the previous treaty had given to the Principality of Bulgaria, most notably Macedonia |
| June 13th | The congress revisedsor eliminates 18 of the 29 articles in the treaty of San Stefano using as a foundation the treaties of Paris (1856) and London (1871) |
| June 13th | The meetings are held at Chancellor Bismarck's residence, the Reichskanzlei (chancellory), the former Radziwill Palace, from June 13, 1878 until July 13, 1878 |
| 1878 | Treaty of San Stefano
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| June 13th | The congress revisedsor eliminates 18 of the 29 articles in the treaty of San Stefano using as a foundation the treaties of Paris (1856) and London (1871) |
| 1878 | Congress of Berlin
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| July 13th | Closing day of the Congress of Berlin |
| 1879 | Alliance
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Breaks from the national liberals & relies upon the conservative parties |
| | Does not create a "greater Germany", preserves the balance of power |
| 1879 | Diplomacy
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Raises some tariff restrictions against Russia |
| 1879 | Rule of Schleswig
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Feb 4th | Breaks the treaty of Prague & refuses to support a plebiscite in nth Schleswig |
| 1879 | Treaty of Prague
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Feb 4th | Breaks the treaty of Prague & refuses to support a plebiscite in nth Schleswig |
| 1879 | Diplomacy
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Sep 3rd | William I & Alexander II try to put right some misunderstandings |
| 1879 | Alliance
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Oct 7th | Agrees a dual Alliance between Austria & Germany, similar to the Holy Alliance |
| 1879 | Treaty of Alliance
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Oct 7th | Austria & Germany agree neutrality if either is at war, except against Russia |
| Oct 7th | Austria & Germany agree to support each other in any war with Russia |
| Oct 7th | Signed between Austria-Hungary & Germany, despite William I's opposition |
| Oct 7th | The Austrian Alliance is used to prevent & Crimean coaliton & avoid another war |
| 1881 | SDP
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | The Septennat Law financing the Army for 7 years is passed through the Reichstag |
| 1882 | Constitution
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Jan | Says the Emperor is the real Minister President of Prussia |
| Jan 4th | Passes a Royal Edict proclaiming the Emperor's responsibility for Government policy |
| Jan 24th | Informs the Landtag that the First Minister will be the servant of the King-Emperor |
| 1883 | Legislation
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | The social security systems installed by Bismarck (health care in 1883, accidents insurance in 1884, invalidity and old-age insurance in 1889) at the time are the most advanced in the world |
| | Passes the Sickness Insurance Law |
| | Passes the Sickness Insurance Law |
| 1883 | Reform
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Passes the Sickness Insurance Law |
| 1884 | Conference of Berlin
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Athe the Conference of Berlin Britain recognizes Germany's claims to the Cameroons |
| | Athe the Conference of Berlin Britain recognizes Germany's claims to the New Guinea |
| | Bismarck calls together a confernce of Germany, Turkey, the USA & the European nations |
| | Germany agrees to support Britain's claims in Nigeria, against the French |
| | The Conference discusses the status of the Congo & Niger river basins |
| 1884 | Legislation
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | The social security systems installed by Bismarck (health care in 1883, accidents insurance in 1884, invalidity and old-age insurance in 1889) at the time are the most advanced in the world |
| 1884 | Reform
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Passes the Accident Insurance Law |
| 1884 | Rule of Cameroons
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | At the Conference of Berlin Britain recognizes Germany's claims to the Cameroons |
| 1884 | Rule of New Guinea
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Athe the Conference of Berlin Britain recognizes Germany's claims to the New Guinea |
| 1884 | Rule of Nigeria
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Germany agrees to support Britain's claims in Nigeria, against the French |
| 1884 | Diplomacy
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Feb 11th | Offers Britain German support over Africa in return for the cession of Heligoland |
| 1884 | Rule of Heligoland
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Feb 11th | Offers Britain German support over Africa in return for the cession of Heligoland |
| 1886 | Budget
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Asks the Reichstag to increase the military budget after the end of the Dreikaiserbund |
| | Calls up reserves & announces a war loan to rally patriotic voters at the election |
| | Dissolves the Reichstag after failing to raise the budget |
| | The Reichstag turns down Bismark's proposals to increase military spending |
| 1886 | Reichstag
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Dissolves the Reichstag after it refuses his increases to the military budget |
| 1887 | Budget
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Creates ne taxes for liquor & sugar & increasing taxes on grains |
| | Passes a Septennial Act increasing the military budget |
| 1887 | Election
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | The Free Conservatives & National Liberals win 220 out of 375 seats |
| 1887 | Treaty of Reinsurance
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | A supplementary protocol promises German support for Russia in the Dardanelles |
| 1887 | Treaty of Mediterranean
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Feb 12th | Agreed between powers maintaining the status quo in the Mediterranean against Turkey |
| 1888 | Armament
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Feb 6th | Introduces a measure to increase the army reserve to 3 1/4 of a million |
| Feb 6th | Says to the Reichstag, "We Germans fear God & nothing else on Earth" |
| 1889 | Reform
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Passes the Old Age & Disability Insurance Law |
| 1890 | Rule of Caprivi Strip
Caprivi, Georg Leo von | |
| | The Caprivi Strip is added to German South West Africa, thus linking that territory with the Zambezi River |
| 1890 | Rule of German West Africa
Caprivi, Georg Leo von | |
| | The Caprivi Strip is added to German South West Africa, thus linking that territory with the Zambezi River |
| 1890 | Chancellor
Caprivi, Georg Leo von | |
| Feb | Summoned to Berlin by Wilhelm II, Caprivi is informed that he is the Kaiser's intended choice should Bismarck prove resistant to Wilhelm's proposed changes to the Government |
| 1890 | Election
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Feb 20th | The cartell led by Bismarck loses 57 National Liberal & 28 Conservative seats |
| 1890 | Chancellor
Caprivi, Georg Leo von | |
| Mar 18th | Appointed Imperial Chancellor |
| 1890 | Dismissal
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Mar 20th | Dismissed by William II who "drops the pilot"Benjamin Harrison was inaugurated as 23rd President |
| 1890 | Diplomacy
Caprivi, Georg Leo von | |
| Mar 21st | Instructed by Wihelm II to renew the Reinsurance treaty with Russia |
| July | Under the Zanzibar treaty the British cede the island of Heligoland to Germany in exchange for control of Zanzibar |
| 1890 | Rule of Heligoland
Caprivi, Georg Leo von | |
| July | Under the Zanzibar treaty the British cede the island of Heligoland to Germany in exchange for control of Zanzibar |
| 1890 | Rule of Zanzibar
Caprivi, Georg Leo von | |
| July | Under the Zanzibar treaty the British cede the island of Heligoland to Germany in exchange for control of Zanzibar |
| 1890 | Treaty of Zanzibar
Caprivi, Georg Leo von | |
| July | Under the Zanzibar treaty the British cede the island of Heligoland to Germany in exchange for control of Zanzibar |
| 1892 | Resignation
Caprivi, Georg Leo von | |
| | Following a legislative defeat on an educational bill, Caprivi resigns as Prussian Minister-President and is replaced by Count Botho zu Eulenburg |
| 1894 | Chancellor
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurst | |
| | Appointed Imperial Chancellor of Germany |
| 1894 | Dismissal
Caprivi, Georg Leo von | |
| | Dismissed as Chancellor & replaced by Prince Chlodwig of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfrst |
| 1900 | Chancellor
Bulow von, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| 1907 | Vice Chancellor
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| | Appointed Vice Chancellor |
| 1909 | Diplomacy
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| | Persues a policy of detente with Britain, hoping to come to some agreement that would put a halt to the two countries' ruinous naval arms race, but failed, largely due to the opposition of German Naval Minister Alfred von Tirpitz |
| Feb 8th | France & Germany agree to support the independence of Morocco |
| 1909 | Independence
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Feb 8th | France & Germany agree to support the independence of Morocco |
| 1909 | Chancellor
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| July 14th | Appointed Imperial Chancellor of Germany |
| 1911 | Agadir Crisis
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| July 1st | The German gunboat Panther arrives at the port of Agadir |
| July 7th | The German Ambassador informs the French that Germany has no territorial aspirations in Morocco and would negotiate for a French protectorate on the basis of "compensation" for Germany in the French Congo region |
| July 9th | Franco-German negotiations are initiated toward the treaty of Fez led to a convention under which Germany accepted France's position in Morocco in return for territory in the French Equatorial African colony of Middle Congo (the Republic of the Congo) |
| Nov 4th | A 275 000 kmý territory, known as Neukamerun, becomes part of the German colony of Kamerun and part of German South West Africa, which only lasts briefly until they are captured by the allies in World War I |
| Nov 4th | Under the treaty of Fez Germany cedes France a small area of territory to the south-east of Fort Lamy, now part of Chad |
| 1911 | Rule of Cameroons
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Nov 4th | A 275 000 kmý territory, known as Neukamerun, becomes part of the German colony of Kamerun and part of German South West Africa, which only lasts briefly until they are captured by the allies in World War I |
| 1911 | Rule of Chad
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Nov 4th | Under the treaty of Fez Germany cedes France a small area of territory to the south-east of Fort Lamy, now part of Chad |
| 1911 | Rule of Fort Lamy
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Nov 4th | Under the treaty of Fez Germany cedes France a small area of territory to the south-east of Fort Lamy, now part of Chad |
| 1911 | Rule of German West Africa
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Nov 4th | A 275 000 kmý territory, known as Neukamerun, becomes part of the German colony of Kamerun and part of German South West Africa, which only lasts briefly until they are captured by the allies in World War I |
| 1911 | Rule of Neukamerun
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Nov 4th | A 275 000 kmý territory, known as Neukamerun, becomes part of the German colony of Kamerun and part of German South West Africa, which only lasts briefly until they are captured by the allies in World War I |
| 1911 | Treaty of Fez
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Nov 4th | Under the treaty of Fez Germany cedes France a small area of territory to the south-east of Fort Lamy, now part of Chad |
| 1912 | Berlin Baghdad
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| | Negotiates treaties with Britain over an eventual partition of the Portuguese colonies and the Berlin-Baghdad railway |
| 1912 | Diplomacy
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| | Negotiates treaties with Britain over an eventual partition of the Portuguese colonies and the Berlin-Baghdad railway |
| 1912 | Election
Theobold, Bethmann Hollweg von | |
| | The main benificiaries are the Socialists who now have 110 Deputies |
| 1912 | Armament
Theobold, Bethmann Hollweg von | |
| May 21st | The new Naval Law is passed by the Reichstag in order to expand the German navy |
| 1913 | Vote of Confidence
Theobold, Bethmann Hollweg von | |
| | Wins a vote of confidence after sequesting Polish lands for its peasants |
| 1913 | Scandal
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Dec 4th | Loses a vote of confidence in the Reichstag over the Zabern |
| 1913 | Vote of Confidence
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Dec 4th | Loses a vote of confidence in the Reichstag over the Zabern |
| 1914 | Diplomacy
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| | Will not invade France if Britain remains neutral but Edward Grey refuses such a deal |
| 1914 | Assassination
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| June 28th | Following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Bethmann Hollweg and Foreign Secretary Gottlieb von Jagow are instrumental in urging the Austrians to take a tough stand against Serbia |
| 1914 | Invasion of Belgium
Theobold, Bethmann Hollweg von | |
| July | Britain and Belgium had an Alliance due to the London treaty of 1839, Germany believed that Britain, which was wary of making Alliances due to its wish to remain neutral, would not honour the treaty and would not rush to the aid of Belgium, the British, however, greatly amazed Germany by keeping with the terms of the treaty, the famous line "The Britons will go to war for a mere scrap of paper?" comes from the German Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg asking the British Ambassador Goschen about the decision.[4] |
| 1914 | Alliance
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| July 5th | Assures Francis-Joseph Germany will not desert Austria during its conflict with Serbia |
| July 5th | Informs the Austria Germany will support Austria against Serbia, the "blank cheque" |
| 1914 | July Crisis
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| July 5th | Assures Francis-Joseph Germany will not desert Austria during its conflict with Serbia |
| July 5th | Informs the Austria Germany will support Austria against Serbia, the "blank cheque" |
| July 6th | Encourages Austro-Hungarian aggression against Serbia with unconditional support |
| July 29th | Advises Vienna to mediate |
| July 29th | Proposes a neutrality agreement to Britain guaranteeing France's territory |
| July 30th | Declares a "state of imminent war" |
| July 30th | Learns of Russia's mobilization |
| 1914 | Diplomacy
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| July 31st | Telegrams Count Berchtold asking the Auastrians not to mobilize against Russia |
| 1914 | Invasion of Belgium
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Aug | Asks British Ambassador Goschen how Britain could go to war over a "mere scrap of paper" (the treaty of London of 1839 protecting Belgium's neutrality), a remark which would become infamous |
| 1914 | Declaration of War
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Aug 1st | Germany declares war on Russia |
| 1914 | July Crisis
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Aug 1st | Demands that France abandon the Franco-Russian Alliance |
| Aug 1st | Germany declares war on Russia |
| 1914 | Invasion of Belgium
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Aug 2nd | Germany demands free passage through Belgium |
| 1914 | July Crisis
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Aug 2nd | Belgium is asked to accept German protection from a non-existent French attack |
| 1914 | Declaration of War
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Aug 3rd | Germany declares war on France |
| 1914 | Invasion of Belgium
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Aug 3rd | Belgium rejects Germany's demand for troop access |
| Aug 3rd | Germany calls for a free passage across Belgium but this is refused the following day |
| Aug 3rd | German troops cross the Belgian frontier at Vise in the province of Liege |
| 1914 | July Crisis
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Aug 3rd | Germany declares war on France |
| Aug 3rd | Makes an address in the Reichstag about the Russian "firebrand" |
| Aug 3rd | Makes an address in the Reichstag about the Russian "firebrand" |
| 1914 | Declaration of War
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Aug 4th | Germany declares war on Belgium |
| Aug 12th | Montenegro declares war on Germany |
| Aug 12th | Serbia declares war on Germany |
| 1914 | Capture of Brussells
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Aug 20th | Germany captures Brussells |
| 1914 | Declaration of War
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Aug 23rd | Japan declares war on Germany |
| 1914 | Invasion of France
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Aug 24th | Germany enters France near Lille |
| 1915 | Blockade
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Feb 4th | Germany declares submarine blockade of Britain, with all approaching ships considered targets, the start of Unrestricted Submarine Warfare |
| 1915 | Submarine Warfare
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Feb 4th | Germany declares submarine blockade of Britain, with all approaching ships considered targets, the start of Unrestricted Submarine Warfare |
| 1915 | Blockade
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Feb 18th | A German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins |
| 1915 | Reprisals Order
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Mar 11th | The Reprisals Order, in which Britain bans all 'neutral' parties from trading with Germany |
| 1915 | Sinking
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| May 7th | Germany sinks the Cunard liner Lusitania, 1152 lives are lost including 102 Americans |
| 1915 | Blockade
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| June 15th | Allied aircraft bombs Karlsruhe in retaliation for German bombing of London |
| 1915 | Triple Offensive
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| July 15th | The German 'Triple Offensive' begins, aiming to destroy the Russian army |
| July 22nd | 'The Great Retreat' is ordered - Russian forces pull back out of Poland (currently part of Russia), taking machinery and equipment with them |
| 1915 | Diplomacy
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Sep 1st | After American outrage, Germany officially stops sinking passenger vessels without warning |
| 1915 | Capture of Germany
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Nov 23rd | German, Austro-Hungarian and Bulgarian forces push the Serbian army into exile; Serbia falls |
| 1915 | Offensive
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Dec 12th | After the failure of the Austrian 'Black Yellow' offensive, Germany takes over ultimate control of Austro-Hungarian forces |
| 1916 | Peace
Theobold, Bethmann Hollweg von | |
| Dec 12th | Issues a Peace Note for negotiations, hopes to control Belgium & North East France |
| 1917 | Diplomacy
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| | Hopes for President Woodrow Wilson's mediation come to nothing, and, over Bethmann Hollweg's objections, Hindenburg and Ludendorff force the adoption of unrestricted submarine warfare bringing the US into the war in 1917 |
| 1917 | Mobilization
Theobold, Bethmann Hollweg von | |
| Jan 9th | At a GHQ meeting agrees to unrestricted submarine warfare |
| 1917 | Peace
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| May 16th | Offers an immediate peace to Russia |
| July 9th | The Kaiser rejects Bethmann's peace policy |
| 1917 | Resignation
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| July 13th | The passage of the Peace Resolution by an Alliance of the Social Democratic, Progressive, and Center parties, forces his resignation and replacement by the political nonentity Georg Michaelis |
| 1917 | Chancellor
Michaelis, Georg | |
| July 14th | Appointed Chancellor of Germany as well as Minister President of Prussia |
| 1917 | Chancellor
Hertling, Georg von | |
| Oct 30th | Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| 1918 | Reparations
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| | At the conclusion of World War I, Germany reluctantly agrees to pay unspecified reparations in the armistice agreement of November 1918 |
| 1918 | Weimar Republic
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| | The new model Reichswehr armed forces, limited by the treaty of Versailles to 100,000 army soldiers and 15,000 seamen, remains fully under the control of the German officer class despite its nominal re-organisation |
| 1918 | Martial Law
Hertling, Georg von | |
| Jan 31st | Martial Law is declared in Berlin |
| Jan 31st | Martial Law is declared in Hamburg |
| 1918 | Rule of Finland
Baden, Max von | |
| Feb 22nd | Germany claims the Baltic states, Finland and Ukraine from Russia |
| 1918 | Rule of Ukraine
Baden, Max von | |
| Feb 22nd | Germany claims the Baltic states, Finland and Ukraine from Russia |
| 1918 | Constitution
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| July 31st | the 1871 Constitution is amended to make the Reich a parliamentary democracy, which the Government had refused for half a century, the Chancellor is henceforth responsible to Parliament, the Reichstag, and no longer to the Kaiser |
| July 31st | The plan to transform Germany into a Constitutional monarchy similar to Britain quickly becomes obsolete as the country slid into a state of near-total chaos |
| July 31st | The Weimar Republic is adopted |
| 1918 | Weimar Republic
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| July 31st | the 1871 Constitution is amended to make the Reich a parliamentary democracy, which the Government had refused for half a century, the Chancellor is henceforth responsible to Parliament, the Reichstag, and no longer to the Kaiser |
| July 31st | The Weimar Republic is adopted |
| 1918 | Rationing
Baden, Max von | |
| Aug | Due to the naval blockade the civilian ration is reduced to 2,000 calories daily |
| 1918 | Armistice
Hertling, Georg von | |
| Sep 29th | It is agreed to offer an armistice & form a new Government |
| 1918 | Resignation
Hertling, Georg von | |
| Sep 30th | Resigns as Chancellor at the request of the German Generals |
| 1918 | Peace
Maximilian of Baden | |
| Oct | Appointed Chancellor of Germany in October 1918 in order to negotiate an armistice with the allies in the last days of the war |
| 1918 | Chancellor
Baden, Max von | |
| Oct 3rd | Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| 1918 | Chancellor
Maximilian of Baden | |
| Oct 3rd | Appointed Chancellor of Germany in October 1918 in order to negotiate an armistice with the allies in the last days of the war |
| Oct 3rd | Appoints a Government that for the first time included representatives of the Social Democrats, Friedrich Ebert and Philipp Scheidemann |
| 1918 | Diplomacy
Maximilian of Baden | |
| Oct 3rd | Appointed Chancellor of Germany in October 1918 in order to negotiate an armistice with the allies in the last days of the war |
| 1918 | Government
Baden, Max von | |
| Oct 3rd | Forms a new Government |
| 1918 | Peace
Maximilian of Baden | |
| Oct 3rd | Germany requests an armistice |
| 1918 | Ceasefire
Baden, Max von | |
| Oct 4th | The German Government formally asks US President Wilson for a ceasfire |
| 1918 | Reform
Maximilian of Baden | |
| Oct 22nd | The Reichstag votes for equal suffrage |
| 1918 | Peace
Maximilian of Baden | |
| Oct 23rd | Woodrow Wilson says military rulers & autocratic monarchs are an obstacle to peace |
| 1918 | Constitution
Maximilian of Baden | |
| Oct 28th | The Kaiser signs amended Constitution |
| 1918 | Constitution
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Oct 29th | Rebellion breaks out when the military command, without consultation with the Government, orders the German High Seas Fleet to sortie |
| 1918 | Rebellion
Baden, Max von | |
| Oct 29th | Suppresses the mutiny of the Kiel Fleet |
| 1918 | Weimar Republic
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Oct 29th | The crews of two ships in Wilhelmshaven mutiny, when the military arrest about 1,000 seamen and have them transported to Kiel, the Wilhelmshaven mutiny turns into a general rebellion that quickly swept over most of Germany |
| 1918 | Constitution
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov | Ebert leads the new Government for the next several months, notably using the army under support of Minister of Defense Gustav Noske to suppress the Spartacist uprising, commonly identified with Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht |
| 1918 | Rebellion
Maximilian of Baden | |
| Nov 4th | 1st day of the Kiel Mutiny |
| Nov 4th | 1st day of the Kiel Mutiny |
| 1918 | Ceasefire
Baden, Max von | |
| Nov 5th | The Allied Supreme War Council accepts US President's 14 points for peace |
| Nov 5th | The US President's 14 points for peace are conveyed to the German Government by Baden |
| 1918 | Strike
Maximilian of Baden | |
| Nov 5th | The first day of the General Strike in Berlin |
| 1918 | Constitution
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 7th | supporter of the monarchy until the abdication of the Kaiser ("If the Kaiser abdicates, the social revolution is inevitable. But I do not want it, I hate it like sin", he says to Max von Baden |
| 1918 | Constitution
Maximilian of Baden | |
| Nov 7th | Bavaria is declared a republic |
| Nov 7th | In a legally questionable act, Reichskanzler Prince Max of Baden transfers his powers to Friedrich Ebert, leader of the MSPD, who, shattered by the monarchy's fall, reluctantly accepts |
| 1918 | Mobilization
Maximilian of Baden | |
| Nov 7th | The Demobilization office is setup |
| 1918 | Rebellion
Baden, Max von | |
| Nov 7th | Suppresses the revolution in Munich |
| Nov 7th | Suppresses the revolution in Munich |
| 1918 | Rebellion
Maximilian of Baden | |
| Nov 7th | In a legally questionable act, Reichskanzler Prince Max of Baden transfers his powers to Friedrich Ebert, leader of the MSPD, who, shattered by the monarchy's fall, reluctantly accepts |
| Nov 7th | The Red flag is raised over the Imperial Palace in Berlin |
| Nov 7th | Sailors capture Cologne |
| Nov 7th | The Red flag is raised over the Imperial Palace in Berlin |
| Nov 7th | The Red flag is raised over the Imperial Palace in Berlin |
| Nov 7th | Sailors capture Cologne |
| Nov 7th | Sailors capture Cologne |
| 1918 | Weimar Republic
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 7th | The revolution had reaches Munich, causing King Ludwig III of Bavaria to flee |
| 1918 | Weimar Republic
Maximilian of Baden | |
| Nov 7th | In a legally questionable act, Reichskanzler Prince Max of Baden transfers his powers to Friedrich Ebert, leader of the MSPD, who, shattered by the monarchy's fall, reluctantly accepts |
| 1918 | Abdication
Baden, Max von | |
| Nov 8th | Helps persuade the Kaiser to abdicate |
| 1918 | Rebellion
Maximilian of Baden | |
| Nov 8th | Revolutionaries sieze 11 major cities |
| 1918 | Abdication
Baden, Max von | |
| Nov 9th | Announces the abdication of Wilhelm II during the armistice |
| Nov 9th | Announces the Kaiser has abdicated |
| 1918 | Abdication
Maximilian of Baden | |
| Nov 9th | Maximilian announces the abdication without the Kaiser's consent |
| Nov 9th | Maximilian, realizing that the Kaiser would not be able to retain his throne, urges him to abdicate in time to save the monarchy itself, but the Kaiser refuses to agree |
| Nov 9th | The Kaiser abdicates |
| Nov 9th | Wilhelm II refuses to abdicate, Prince Max of Baden simply announces that he had done so and frantically attempts to establish a regency under another member of the House of Hohenzollern |
| 1918 | Alliance
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 9th | Ebert makes a pact over the phone with General Wilhelm Groener |
| 1918 | Armistice
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 9th | Begins preparations for drawing up an armistice with the Allies |
| 1918 | Chancellor
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 9th | Appointed Chancellor of Germany, accepts Max von Baden's offer |
| Nov 9th | Appointed Head of the Provisional Government |
| 1918 | Constitution
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 9th | From November 1918 through January 1919, Germany is governed dictatorially by the Council of Peoples Commissioners |
| Nov 9th | The Ebert-Groener pact stipulates that the Government would not attempt to reform the Army so long as the army swore to protect the state |
| Nov 9th | To ensure that his fledgling Government is able to maintain control over the country, Ebert makes an uneasy pact with the OHL, now led by Ludendorff's successor General Wilhelm Groener |
| Nov 9th | Begins preparations for elections to the new National Constitutional Assembly |
| Nov 9th | Ebert continues to serve as Head of Government during the three months between the end of the German Empire in November 1918 and the first gathering of the National Assembly in February 1919, but did not use the title of Chancellor |
| Nov 9th | In a legally questionable act, Reichskanzler Prince Max of Baden transfers his powers to Friedrich Ebert, leader of the MSPD, who, shattered by the monarchy's fall, reluctantly accepts |
| 1918 | Constitution
Maximilian of Baden | |
| Nov 9th | Resigns in favour of Ebert, followed by the proclamation of the German Republic |
| 1918 | Council of Peoples Commissioners
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 9th | From November 1918 through January 1919, Germany is governed dictatorially by the Council of Peoples Commissioners |
| 1918 | Dismissal
Baden, Max von | |
| Nov 9th | Dismisses Ludendorf during the armistice |
| 1918 | Pact
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 9th | The Ebert-Groener pact stipulates that the Government would not attempt to reform the Army so long as the army swore to protect the state |
| 1918 | Rebellion
Maximilian of Baden | |
| Nov 9th | Wilhelm II refuses to abdicate, Prince Max of Baden simply announces that he had done so and frantically attempts to establish a regency under another member of the House of Hohenzollern |
| 1918 | Resignation
Baden, Max von | |
| Nov 9th | Resigns in favor of Friedrich Ebert, the second Empire is at an end |
| Nov 9th | Asked by Hindenburg to arrange an armistice but saved the indignity |
| Nov 9th | Ebert, supported by the "Majority" Socialists, forces von Baden to resign |
| 1918 | Resignation
Maximilian of Baden | |
| Nov 9th | Resigns in favour of Ebert, followed by the proclamation of the German Republic |
| 1918 | Weimar Republic
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 9th | In a legally questionable act, Reichskanzler Prince Max of Baden transfers his powers to Friedrich Ebert, leader of the MSPD, who, shattered by the monarchy's fall, reluctantly accepts |
| Nov 9th | In a legally questionable act, Reichskanzler Prince Max of Baden transfers his powers to Friedrich Ebert, leader of the MSPD, who, shattered by the monarchy's fall, reluctantly accepts |
| 1918 | Weimar Republic
Maximilian of Baden | |
| Nov 9th | Wilhelm II refuses to abdicate, Prince Max of Baden simply announces that he had done so and frantically attempts to establish a regency under another member of the House of Hohenzollern |
| 1918 | Constitution
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 10th | Calls for a National Constitutional Assembly |
| Nov 10th | Ebert favoured retaining the monarchy under a different ruler but Scheidemann proclaimes the German Republic, in response to the unrest in Berlin and in order to counter a declaration of the "Free Socialist Republic" by Karl Liebknecht |
| Nov 10th | Liebknecht's proclamation ends the German Monarchy and an entirely Socialist provisional Government took power under Ebert's leadership |
| 1918 | Government
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 10th | Forms a provisional executive of mainstream SDP & Independent Socialists |
| 1918 | Armistice
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 11th | Germany agrees to the armistice & firing stops on the western front at 11 am |
| Nov 11th | The armistice is signed in a railway carriage at 5:00 AM |
| Nov 11th | German troops begin their withdrawal to the Rhine |
| 1918 | Ceasefire
Baden, Max von | |
| Nov 11th | The Allied ceasfire with Germany comes into effect |
| 1918 | Constitution
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 12th | Proclaims the aims of the new German regime |
| 1919 | Chancellor
Bauer, Gustav | |
| | Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| 1919 | Spartacist League
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| | Armed attempts at establishing communism, known as the Spartacist uprising, by the Spartacist League and others in the streets of Berlin were put down by paramilitary Freikorps units consisting of volunteer soldiers |
| 1919 | Constitution
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Jan | The Weimar Constitution creates a republic under a semi-presidential system with the Reichstag elected by proportional representation |
| 1919 | Weimar Republic
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Jan | The Weimar Constitution creates a republic under a semi-presidential system with the Reichstag elected by proportional representation |
| 1919 | Spartacist League
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Jan 15th | Bloody street fights culminated in the beating and shooting deaths of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht after their arrests |
| 1919 | Constitution
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Jan 19th | To avoid the ongoing fights in Berlin, the National Assembly convenes in the city of Weimar, giving the future Republic its unofficial name |
| 1919 | Election
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Jan 19th | Elections are held for the National Constitutional Assembly |
| Jan 19th | The National Assembly elections took place, the radical left-wing parties, including the USPD and KPD, are barely able to get themselves organized, leading to a solid majority of seats for the MSPD moderate forces |
| Jan 19th | The Socialist and (Non-Socialist) Democratic parties obtained a solid 80 per cent of the vote |
| 1919 | National Assembly
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Jan 19th | The National Assembly elections took place, the radical left-wing parties, including the USPD and KPD, are barely able to get themselves organized, leading to a solid majority of seats for the MSPD moderate forces |
| Jan 19th | To avoid the ongoing fights in Berlin, the National Assembly convenes in the city of Weimar, giving the future Republic its unofficial name |
| 1919 | Weimar Republic
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Jan 19th | To avoid the ongoing fights in Berlin, the National Assembly convenes in the city of Weimar, giving the future Republic its unofficial name |
| 1919 | Chancellor
Scheidemann, Phillip | |
| Feb | Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| Feb | Scheidemann becomes Chancellor, in the Weimar Coalition with the German Democratic Party and the Catholic Center Party |
| 1919 | Constitution
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Feb | When the Constituent Assembly met in Weimar in February, 1919, Ebert was chosen to be the first president of the German Republic |
| 1919 | Constitution
Scheidemann, Phillip | |
| Feb | 1st Chancellor of the new Republic |
| 1919 | Vice Chancellor
Schiffer, Eugen | |
| Feb | Appointed Vice Chancellor and Finance Minister |
| 1919 | Resignation
Scheidemann, Phillip | |
| June | Scheidemann resignes along with the DDP owing to disagreement with the treaty of Versailles |
| 1919 | Treaty of Versailles
Scheidemann, Phillip | |
| June | Scheidemann resignes along with the DDP owing to disagreement with the treaty of Versailles |
| 1919 | Declaration of Rhineland Rep
Scheidemann, Phillip | |
| June 1st | The Rhineland Republic is declared with the support of France |
| 1919 | Treaty of Versailles
Scheidemann, Phillip | |
| June 19th | Refuses to sign the treaty of Versailles |
| 1919 | Resignation
Scheidemann, Phillip | |
| June 20th | Resigns rather than sign the treaty of Versailles |
| 1919 | Treaty of Versailles
Bauer, Gustav | |
| June 20th | Bauer's cabinet approves the treaty of Versailles to avoid an Allied invasion |
| 1919 | Treaty of Versailles
Scheidemann, Phillip | |
| June 20th | Resigns rather than sign the treaty of Versailles |
| June 20th | Says "may the hand wither that signs such a treaty" |
| 1919 | Sinking
Bauer, Gustav | |
| June 21st | The German Fleet at Scapa Flow is sunk to prevent it from falling into Allied hands |
| 1919 | Rule of Saarland
Bauer, Gustav | |
| June 28th | Under the treaty of Versailles the Saar is to be administered by the League of Nations |
| 1919 | Treaty of Versailles
Bauer, Gustav | |
| June 28th | Alsace-Lorraine is ceded to France |
| June 28th | Alsace-Lorraine is ceded to France |
| June 28th | Posen is ceded to Poland |
| June 28th | Prussia is ceded to Poland |
| June 28th | Included in the treaty is the demilitarization of the Rhineland |
| June 28th | German colonies are divided between the Allies |
| June 28th | Germany is to accept war guilt & pay reparations to the Allies |
| June 28th | The treaty of Versailles is signed |
| June 28th | Germany is to accept war guilt & pay reparations to the Allies |
| July 7th | The treaty of Versailles is ratified by Germany |
| July 7th | The treaty of Versailles is ratified by Germany |
| 1919 | Blockade
Bauer, Gustav | |
| July 12th | The Blockade of Germany by the Allies is lifted |
| July 12th | The Blockade of Germany by the Allies is lifted |
| 1919 | Constitution
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Aug 11th | The Chancellor is appointed by the President and is responsible to the Reichstag, serves as little more than a chairman, Cabinet decisions are made by majority vote |
| Aug 11th | The first article of the Constitution states that "The power of the state emanates from the people" |
| Aug 11th | The fundamental tenet of the Weimar Constitution is that Germany will be a republic on the parliamentary model with a parliament elected using proportional representation, universal suffrage is established, with a minimum voting age of 20 |
| Aug 11th | The Republic's first Reichspr„sident ("Reich President"), Friedrich Ebert of the SPD, signs the new German Constitution into law |
| 1919 | Weimar Republic
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Aug 11th | The fundamental tenet of the Weimar Constitution is that Germany will be a republic on the parliamentary model with a parliament elected using proportional representation, universal suffrage is established, with a minimum voting age of 20 |
| 1920 | Chancellor
Fehrenbach, Konstantin | |
| | Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| 1920 | Government
Fehrenbach, Konstantin | |
| | A coalition of the Centre, German Democratic Party & the German Peoples Party |
| 1920 | Treaty of Versailles
Fehrenbach, Konstantin | |
| Jan 10th | The treaty of Versailles comes into effect |
| 1920 | Coup d'Etat
Fehrenbach, Konstantin | |
| Mar 13th | The Kapp Putsch involves a group of Freikorps troops who gained control of Berlin and installed Wolfgang Kapp (a right-wing journalist) as Chancellor |
| Mar 17th | The national Government fled to Stuttgart and called for a general strike, while Kapp's vacillating nature did not help, the strike crippled Germany's ravaged economy and the Kapp Government collapses |
| 1921 | Abwehr
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| | The Abwehr was created in 1921 as part of the Ministry of Defense when Germany was allowed to form the Reichswehr, the military organization of the Weimar Republic |
| 1921 | Chancellor
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| | Appointed Chancellor of Germany, 1st term |
| | Appointed Chancellor of Germany, 2nd term |
| 1921 | Legislation
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| | National Disarmament Law takes effect, disbands civil guards |
| 1921 | Rule of Silesia
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| | The League of Nations announces Poland will have Upper Silesia with 4/5 of mines |
| 1921 | Conference of Paris
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| Jan 24th | The Paris Conference fixes German war reparations |
| 1921 | Reparations
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| Jan 24th | The Paris Conference fixes German war reparations |
| 1921 | Occupation
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| Mar 1st | The Allies enter Germany to enforce reparations |
| 1921 | Referendum
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| Mar 21st | Allied Plebiscite Commission rejects vote, draws boundary anyway; takes section of mines, mills and furnaces and 350,000 Germans and puts them under Polish rule |
| Mar 21st | Plebiscite in Upper Silesia, they vote to remain part of Germany |
| 1921 | Rule of Silesia
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| Mar 21st | Allied Plebiscite Commission rejects vote, draws boundary anyway; takes section of mines, mills and furnaces and 350,000 Germans and puts them under Polish rule |
| Mar 21st | Plebiscite in Upper Silesia, they vote to remain part of Germany |
| 1921 | Reparations
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| April | Reparations payments are to be made in cash or by such in-kind commodities as steel and coal |
| April | The reparations bill is tallied when the Reparations Commission determines that damages caused by Germany amount to $33 billion or 133 billion gold marks |
| 1921 | Allied Reparations Committee
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| April 27th | Allied Reparations Committee levels 33 billion war reparations debt onto Germany; commands the handing over of 26% of all exports for 42 years and puts the Germans immediately into 12 billion in arrears |
| 1921 | Reparations
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| April 27th | Allied Reparations Committee levels 33 billion war reparations debt onto Germany; commands the handing over of 26% of all exports for 42 years and puts the Germans immediately into 12 billion in arrears |
| 1921 | Invasion of Silesia
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| May 3rd | Polish forces under Wojciech Korfantry invade Upper Silesia |
| 1921 | Rule of Silesia
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| May 3rd | Polish forces under Wojciech Korfantry invade Upper Silesia |
| 1921 | London Ultimatum
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| May 5th | The London Ultimatum sets the total sum of the war indemnity at 132 billion marks |
| 1921 | Reparations
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| May 5th | The London Ultimatum sets the total sum of the war indemnity at 132 billion marks |
| 1921 | Battle of St Annaberg
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| May 23rd | German Freikorps smash Polish forces at St Annaberg |
| 1921 | Invasion of Silesia
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| May 23rd | German Freikorps smash Polish forces at St Annaberg |
| 1921 | Freikorps
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| May 24th | Under Allied pressure, all Freikorps units are outlawed |
| 1921 | Fuehrer Chancellor
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 29th | Adolf Hitler assumes leadership of the NSDAP, he becomes "Der Fuehrer" |
| 1921 | Economy
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| Sep | An economy crisis grips Germany which causes runaway inflation and ends additional reparations installments |
| 1921 | Reparations
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| Sep | An economy crisis grips Germany which causes runaway inflation and ends additional reparations installments |
| Sep | An initial payment of $250 million reparations is made |
| 1921 | Chancellor
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| Oct 26th | Appointed Chancellor of Germany, 2nd term, Joseph Wirth (Center) forms 2nd cabinet |
| 1921 | Economy
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| Nov 4th | German currency begins to collapse |
| 1922 | Conference of Genoa
Rathenau, Walter | |
| | Represents Germany at the Genoa Conference as part time Foreign Minister |
| 1922 | Economy
Cuno, Wilhelm Carl Josef | |
| | Allied Governments grant Germany a temporary moratorium on reparations payments in the hope that their economy would recover and enable the resumption of regular installment payments, France bitterly opposes the moratorium |
| 1922 | Reform
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| | Passes the Law for the Protection of the Republic after the assassination of Rathenau |
| 1922 | Reparations
Cuno, Wilhelm Carl Josef | |
| | Allied Governments grant Germany a temporary moratorium on reparations payments in the hope that their economy would recover and enable the resumption of regular installment payments, France bitterly opposes the moratorium |
| 1922 | Chancellor
Cuno, Wilhelm Carl Josef | |
| June 15th | Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| June 15th | Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| 1922 | Resignation
Wirth, Karl Joseph | |
| Nov 22nd | Dr. Wirth leaves office |
| 1923 | Chancellor
Marx, Wihelm | |
| | Appointed Chancellor of Germany, 1st term |
| 1923 | Economy
Marx, Wihelm | |
| | The Republic claimed it could no longer afford the reparations payments required by the Versailles treaty, and the Government defaulted on some payments, in response, French and Belgian troops occupied the Ruhr |
| 1923 | Plot
Stressman, Gustav | |
| | Restores order after the Munich Beer Hall Putcsh |
| 1923 | Rebellion
Stressman, Gustav | |
| | Puts down a Communist rebellion in Thuringia |
| | Puts down a Communist rebellion in Thuringia |
| 1923 | Economy
Marx, Wihelm | |
| Jan | At the end of the reparations moratorium, Germany cannot resume payments and defaults, France, accompanied by a token Belgian force, marches into the Ruhr Valley and sets up a military occupation |
| 1923 | Invasion of Germany
Marx, Wihelm | |
| Jan | At the end of the reparations moratorium, Germany cannot resume payments and defaults, France, accompanied by a token Belgian force, marches into the Ruhr Valley and sets up a military occupation |
| 1923 | Reparations
Marx, Wihelm | |
| Jan | At the end of the reparations moratorium, Germany cannot resume payments and defaults, France, accompanied by a token Belgian force, marches into the Ruhr Valley and sets up a military occupation |
| 1923 | Occupation
Cuno, Wilhelm Carl Josef | |
| Jan 13th | German Chancellor Cuno declares "passive resistance", strikes, riots and bloody clashes of the occupation troops with workers are common |
| 1923 | Reparations
Cuno, Wilhelm Carl Josef | |
| Jan 13th | German Chancellor Cuno declares "passive resistance", strikes, riots and bloody clashes of the occupation troops with workers are common |
| 1923 | Devaluation
Cuno, Wilhelm Carl Josef | |
| June 22nd | 622,000 Marks to the pound sterling, halved in value in one month |
| June 22nd | 622,000 Marks to the pound sterling, halved in value in one month |
| 1923 | Economy
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Aug | To further stabilise the economy Stressman reduces spending and bureaucracy while increasing taxes |
| 1923 | Resignation
Cuno, Wilhelm Carl Josef | |
| Aug 12th | Resigns due to the collapse of the German economy |
| Aug 12th | Resigns due to the collapse of the German economy |
| 1923 | Chancellor
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Aug 13th | Appointed Chancellor in the "Great Coalition" |
| 1923 | Economy
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Aug 13th | Six days after the Munich putch a reform of the German currency takes place and the Rentenmark is introduced, this effectively ends inflation |
| Aug 13th | Stresemann issues the Rentenmark, to halt the extreme hyperinflation crippling German society and the economy. It was successful because Stresemann refused to issue more currency, the cause of the inflationary spiral |
| 1923 | Government
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Aug 13th | Heads a coalition Government |
| 1923 | Rentenmark
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Aug 13th | Six days after the Munich putch a reform of the German currency takes place and the Rentenmark is introduced, this effectively ends inflation |
| Aug 13th | Stresemann issues the Rentenmark, to halt the extreme hyperinflation crippling German society and the economy. It was successful because Stresemann refused to issue more currency, the cause of the inflationary spiral |
| 1923 | Resignation
Cuno, Wilhelm Carl Josef | |
| Aug 13th | Wilhelm Cuno (No party affiliation) leaves office |
| 1923 | Passive Resistance
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Sep 24th | Chancellor Stresemann ends the passive resistance in the Ruhr |
| 1923 | Occupation
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Sep 26th | New Chancellor Gustav Streseman ends the passive resistance during French occupation of the Ruhr |
| 1923 | Reparations
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Sep 26th | New Chancellor Gustav Streseman ends the passive resistance during French occupation of the Ruhr |
| 1923 | State of Emergency
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Sep 26th | Declares an end to passive resistance in the Ruhr |
| Sep 26th | Declares resumption of reparations payments & a state of emergency |
| 1923 | Rebellion
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Sep 30th | Major Fedor von Bock crushes a Coup attempt by the Black Reichswehr |
| 1923 | Economy
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct | Inflation reaches an all time high, 1 US-Dollar costs 40 Billion Marks |
| Oct | War bonds (which are rated by Reichsmark, not Goldmark like the reparations) can be paid back without problems, savings on banks (or in war bonds) are lost, leading to widespread poverty |
| 1923 | Rebellion
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct | The Bavarian Government takes direct control over the local parts of the Reichswehr |
| Oct | Bloody street riots in Hamburg between Communists and the police |
| Oct | In Saxony and Thuringia the coalition-Governments of KPD and SPD protest against the prohibition of the Communist and socialist press, the Reichwehr forces these Governments to resign |
| Oct | In Saxony and Thuringia the coalition-Governments of KPD and SPD protest against the prohibition of the Communist and socialist press, the Reichwehr forces these Governments to resign |
| 1923 | Chancellor
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct 6th | Dr Gustav Stresemann (Peoples) forms 2nd cabinet |
| 1923 | Rebellion
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct 20th | General Alfred Mueller marches on Saxony to prevent a Communist takeover |
| 1923 | Constitution
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct 21st | A Rhineland Republic supported by Belgium & France is declared at Aachen |
| 1923 | Occupation
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct 21st | With French support, separatists try to declare an independent "Rhine Republic" in Aachen, the plan fails due to resistance by the population and the British disapproval |
| 1923 | Rhine Republic
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct 21st | With French support, separatists try to declare an independent "Rhine Republic" in Aachen, the plan fails due to resistance by the population and the British disapproval |
| 1923 | Rule of Ruhr
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct 21st | With French support, separatists try to declare an independent "Rhine Republic" in Aachen, the plan fails due to resistance by the population and the British disapproval |
| 1923 | Rebellion
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct 23rd | Communist takeover of Hamburg |
| 1923 | Rule of Pfalz
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct 24th | With French support, separatists try to declare an independet "Autonomous Pfalz" in Speyer |
| 1923 | Rebellion
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct 25th | Hamburg uprising suppressed |
| Oct 29th | The Socialist/Communist Government is suppressed in Saxony |
| Nov 8th | Beer Hall Putsch in Munich |
| Nov 9th | Beer Hall Putsch is crushed |
| 1923 | Economy
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Nov 15th | Old Reichsmark 4,200,000,000 = 1 US dollar |
| Nov 15th | Rentenmark issued; pegged to the Gold Standard; Rentenmark 4.2 = 1 US dollar; at this time |
| 1923 | Rentenmark
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Nov 15th | Rentenmark issued; pegged to the Gold Standard; Rentenmark 4.2 = 1 US dollar; at this time |
| 1923 | Resignation
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Nov 23rd | Forced to resign after the Social Democrats leave the coalition |
| Nov 30th | Dr Stresemann leaves office |
| 1924 | Conference of London
Marx, Wihelm | |
| | Gets agreement for speedier Allied withdrawal from the Rhineland |
| 1924 | Dawes Plan
Marx, Wihelm | |
| | At the London Conference gets agreement for Allied withdrawal from the Rhineland |
| 1924 | Occupation
Marx, Wihelm | |
| | At the London Conference gets agreement for Allied withdrawal from the Rhineland |
| 1924 | Reparations
Marx, Wihelm | |
| | At the London Conference gets agreement for Allied withdrawal from the Rhineland |
| | The Dawes Plan, the US vice president helps to craft a plan for annual German installment payments, but avoids the more troublesome issue of the total amount owed |
| 1924 | Dawes Plan
Stressman, Gustav | |
| April 9th | Sets an upper limit for payment of reparations and limits the time to 37 years, the Motto is "Business, not politics" |
| April 9th | The Dawes Plan is put forward to stabilize the economy situation in Europe, to enable the Germans to pay their reparations and the Allies to pay their debts to the US |
| 1924 | Economy
Stressman, Gustav | |
| April 9th | The Dawes Plan is put forward to stabilize the economy situation in Europe, to enable the Germans to pay their reparations and the Allies to pay their debts to the US |
| 1924 | Chancellor
Marx, Wihelm | |
| June 3rd | Dr Wilhelm Marx (Center) forms 2nd cabinet |
| 1924 | Dawes Plan
Marx, Wihelm | |
| Aug 29th | Dawes Plan agreed by Reichstag |
| 1924 | Conference of Locarno
Marx, Wihelm | |
| Oct 16th | The Locarno Conference solves many open questions and is a first important step to a system of collective security in Europe, Nationalists on all sides severly criticize the treaty |
| 1926 | Alliance
Marx, Wihelm | |
| | The armed forces secretly co-operate with the Russian Red Army |
| | The armed forces secretly co-operate with the Russian Red Army |
| 1926 | Armament
Marx, Wihelm | |
| | The armed forces secretly co-operate with the Russian Red Army |
| | The armed forces secretly co-operate with the Russian Red Army |
| 1926 | Resignation
Marx, Wihelm | |
| Jan 15th | Dr Marx leaves office |
| 1926 | Chancellor
Luther, Hans | |
| Jan 20th | Dr Hans Luther (No party affiliation) forms 2nd cabinet |
| 1926 | Diplomacy
Marx, Wihelm | |
| April 24th | Berlin treaty of friendship & neutrality between Germany & Russia |
| April 24th | Berlin treaty of friendship & neutrality between Germany & Russia |
| 1926 | Treaty of Berlin
Luther, Hans | |
| April 24th | Germany and Soviet Union sign Berlin Treaty |
| 1926 | Treaty of Friendship
Marx, Wihelm | |
| April 24th | Berlin treaty of friendship & neutrality between Germany & Russia |
| April 24th | Berlin treaty of friendship & neutrality between Germany & Russia |
| 1926 | Resignation
Luther, Hans | |
| May 12th | Dr Luther leaves office over flag dispute |
| 1926 | Chancellor
Marx, Wihelm | |
| May 16th | Marx cabinet of the Center, BVP, DDP, DVP, 2 term |
| 1926 | Referendum
Marx, Wihelm | |
| June 20th | Referendum on expropriation of princely families |
| 1926 | United Nations
Marx, Wihelm | |
| Sep 8th | Germany joins the League of Nations |
| Sep 8th | Germany joins the League of Nations |
| 1926 | Diplomacy
Marx, Wihelm | |
| Sep 10th | Germany enters League of Nations |
| 1926 | League of Nations
Marx, Wihelm | |
| Sep 10th | Germany enters League of Nations |
| 1926 | Diplomacy
Marx, Wihelm | |
| Dec | Resigns after Scheidemann reveals secret support between the German & Russian Armies |
| Dec | Resigns after Scheidemann reveals secret support between the German & Russian Armies |
| 1926 | Resignation
Marx, Wihelm | |
| Dec | Resigns after Scheidemann reveals secret support between the German & Russian Armies |
| Dec | Resigns after Scheidemann reveals secret support between the German & Russian Armies |
| 1926 | Resignation
Scheidemann, Philip | |
| Dec | The Government falls after Scheidemann exposes links between German & Russian Armies |
| Dec | The Government falls after Scheidemann exposes links between German & Russian Armies |
| 1927 | Chancellor
Marx, Wihelm | |
| Jan 29th | Appointed Chancellor of Germany, 3rd term |
| Jan 29th | Appointed Chancellor of Germany, 3rd term |
| 1927 | Resignation
Marx, Wihelm | |
| Jan 29th | Marx's 3rd cabinet leaves office |
| 1927 | Occupation
Marx, Wihelm | |
| Jan 31st | Allied military control comes to an end |
| Jan 31st | Allied military control comes to an end |
| 1927 | Economy
Marx, Wihelm | |
| May 13th | Germany's economy collapses |
| 1927 | Legislation
Marx, Wihelm | |
| July 16th | Unemployment Insurance Law passed |
| 1928 | Reparations
Muller, Hermann | |
| | The Young Plan, a prominent US financier works to fashion a precise new German reparations formula to replace the Dawes Plan |
| 1928 | Election
Marx, Wihelm | |
| May 20th | The SDP win 153 seats, short of a majority |
| May 20th | The SDP win 153 seats, short of a majority |
| 1928 | Resignation
Marx, Wihelm | |
| June 19th | Marx's 4th cabinet leaves office |
| 1928 | Chancellor
Muller, Hermann | |
| June 28th | Appointed Chancellor |
| June 28th | Appointed Chancellor |
| 1928 | Armament
Muller, Hermann | |
| Oct 4th | A referendum to stop the construction of new battleships is defeated |
| 1928 | Referendum
Muller, Hermann | |
| Oct 4th | A referendum to stop the construction of new battleships is defeated |
| Oct 4th | A referendum to stop the construction of new battleships is defeated |
| 1930 | Article 48
Bruening, Heinrich | |
| | After an unpopular bill to reform the Reich's finances is left unsupported by the Reichstag, Hindenburg establishes the bill as an emergency decree based on Article 48 of the Constitution |
| 1930 | Chancellor
Bruening, Heinrich | |
| | Appointed Chancellor, owes position to the army & General Kurt von Schleicher |
| 1930 | Chancellor
Mueller, Herman | |
| | Appointed last Social Democratic Chancellor before the War |
| | Heads a coalition of democratic parties |
| 1930 | Constitution
Bruening, Heinrich | |
| | After an unpopular bill to reform the Reich's finances is left unsupported by the Reichstag, Hindenburg establishes the bill as an emergency decree based on Article 48 of the Constitution |
| 1930 | Economy
Bruening, Heinrich | |
| | Invokes article 48 to impose deflationary policies |
| 1930 | Vote of Confidence
Bruening, Heinrich | |
| | Bruening is defeated & an election is called for September |
| | The Reichstag rejects Bruening's actions in passing the finance bill |
| 1930 | Weimar Republic
Bruening, Heinrich | |
| | After an unpopular bill to reform the Reich's finances is left unsupported by the Reichstag, Hindenburg establishes the bill as an emergency decree based on Article 48 of the Constitution |
| 1930 | Resignation
Mueller, Herman | |
| Mar | resigns over unemployment insurance funding |
| 1930 | Chancellor
Bruening, Heinrich | |
| Mar 29th | Chancellors Brning, Papen, Schleicher and Hitler are all Presidentially appointed dictatorships |
| Mar 29th | Heinrich Brning is appointed the successor of Chancellor Mller by Paul von Hindenburg after months of political lobbying by General Kurt von Schleicher on behalf of the military |
| 1930 | Constitution
Bruening, Heinrich | |
| Mar 29th | Chancellors Brning, Papen, Schleicher and Hitler are all Presidentially appointed dictatorships |
| Mar 29th | The new Government is expected to lead a political shift towards conservatism, based on the emergency powers granted to the Reichspr„sident by the Constitution, since it had no majority support in the Reichstag |
| 1930 | Weimar Republic
Bruening, Heinrich | |
| Mar 29th | Chancellors Brning, Papen, Schleicher and Hitler are all Presidentially appointed dictatorships |
| Mar 29th | The new Government is expected to lead a political shift towards conservatism, based on the emergency powers granted to the Reichspr„sident by the Constitution, since it had no majority support in the Reichstag |
| 1930 | Occupation
Bruening, Heinrich | |
| June 30th | The last Allied troops leave the Rhineland |
| 1930 | Weimar Republic
Bruening, Heinrich | |
| June 30th | The last Allied troops leave the Rhineland |
| 1930 | Reichstag
Bruening, Heinrich | |
| July 18th | A finance bill is defeated in the Reichstag with the support of the SPD, KPD, the NSDAP and DNVP, Brning submits to the Reichstag the president's decree that it will be dissolved |
| 1930 | Weimar Republic
Bruening, Heinrich | |
| July 18th | A finance bill is defeated in the Reichstag with the support of the SPD, KPD, the NSDAP and DNVP, Brning submits to the Reichstag the president's decree that it will be dissolved |
| 1930 | Election
Bruening, Heinrich | |
| Sep 14th | After the election Brning attempts to reform the devastated state without a majority in Parliament, governing with the help of the President's emergency decrees |
| 1930 | Weimar Republic
Bruening, Heinrich | |
| Sep 14th | After the election Brning attempts to reform the devastated state without a majority in Parliament, governing with the help of the President's emergency decrees |
| 1931 | Chancellor
Bruening, Heinrich | |
| Oct 13th | Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| 1932 | Cabinet
Papen, Franz von | |
| | Forms the "Cabinet of Barons", 4 Barons & a Count without majority Reichstag support |
| 1932 | Chancellor
Papen, Franz von | |
| | Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| | Hindenburg tells Papen to form a Government "above parties" |
| | Uses Schleicher's list which includes 5 members of the nobility |
| | Von Papen is closely associated with the industrialist and land-owning classes and pursued an extreme Conservative policy along Hindenburg's lines |
| 1932 | Chancellor
Schleicher, Kurt von | |
| | Tries to split the NAZI's by appointing Strasser as his Vice Chancellor |
| 1932 | Weimar Republic
Papen, Franz von | |
| | Von Papen is closely associated with the industrialist and land-owning classes and pursued an extreme Conservative policy along Hindenburg's lines |
| 1932 | Resignation
Bruening, Heinrich | |
| May 29th | Brning resigns after no longer having Hindenburg's support |
| May 29th | Forced to resign by Hindenburg |
| 1932 | Chancellor
Papen, Franz von | |
| June 1st | Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| 1932 | National Concentration
Papen, Franz von | |
| June 1st | Forms the Cabinet of National Concentration |
| 1932 | SA
Papen, Franz von | |
| June 15th | Papen lifts the ban on the SA, in accordance with his promise to Schleicher |
| June 15th | Von Papen lifts the ban on the SA, imposed after the street riots, in an unsuccessful attempt to secure the backing of Hitler |
| 1932 | Election
Papen, Franz von | |
| July | Since most parties opposed the new Government, von Papen had the Reichstag dissolved and calls for new elections |
| 1932 | Reichstag
Papen, Franz von | |
| July | Since most parties opposed the new Government, von Papen had the Reichstag dissolved and calls for new elections |
| 1932 | Vote of Confidence
Papen, Franz von | |
| July | Loses a vote of confidence in the Reichstag |
| July | The emergency decrees carried fail to help the Papen plan stimulate the economy |
| 1932 | Conference of Lausanne
Papen, Franz von | |
| July 9th | At the Conference in Lausanne reparations are fixed on a final sum of 3 billion Goldmarks, this gives a total of paid reparations of 53 Billion Goldmarks |
| 1932 | Reparations
Papen, Franz von | |
| July 9th | At the Conference in Lausanne reparations are fixed on a final sum of 3 billion Goldmarks, this gives a total of paid reparations of 53 Billion Goldmarks |
| 1932 | Dismissal
Papen, Franz von | |
| July 20th | Otto Braun his Social Democratic Administration are deposed by Chancellor Papen |
| 1932 | Cabinet
Papen, Franz von | |
| Aug 13th | Appoints as Reichswehr Minister Kurt von Schleicher and all of the members of the new cabinet are of the same political opinion as Hindenberg. |
| Aug 13th | Hitler refuses to serve as Franz von Papen's vice chancellor |
| 1932 | National Concentration
Papen, Franz von | |
| Aug 13th | Hitler refuses to serve as Franz von Papen's vice chancellor |
| 1932 | Chancellor
Schleicher, Kurt von | |
| Nov 6th | Elections yield 33.1% for the Nazis, dropping 2 million voters, Franz von Papen steps down, and is succeeded by General Kurt von Schleicher as Reichskanzler |
| 1932 | Election
Papen, Franz von | |
| Nov 6th | Elections yield 33.1% for the Nazis, dropping 2 million voters, Franz von Papen steps down, and is succeeded by General Kurt von Schleicher as Reichskanzler |
| Nov 6th | Unable to win a majority in the Reichstag |
| 1932 | Election
Schleicher, Kurt von | |
| Nov 6th | Elections yield 33.1% for the Nazis, dropping 2 million voters, Franz von Papen steps down, and is succeeded by General Kurt von Schleicher as Reichskanzler |
| 1932 | Resignation
Papen, Franz von | |
| Nov 6th | Hindenburg urges Papen's resignation |
| 1932 | Chancellor
Schleicher, Kurt von | |
| Dec 3rd | Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| Dec 3rd | Schleicher hopes to attain a majority in the Reichstag by forming a so-called Querfront, meaning "cross-front," whereby he would unify Germany's fractious special interests around a non-parliamentary, authoritarian but participatory regime |
| 1932 | Querfront
Schleicher, Kurt von | |
| Dec 3rd | Schleicher hopes to attain a majority in the Reichstag by forming a so-called Querfront, meaning "cross-front," whereby he would unify Germany's fractious special interests around a non-parliamentary, authoritarian but participatory regime |
| 1932 | Resignation
Papen, Franz von | |
| Dec 3rd | Papen resigns after a failure to pass his plans for a "new state" |
| Dec 3rd | Resigns after Schleicher deserts Papen because of his reactionary policies |
| 1932 | Conference of Lausanne
Papen, Franz von | |
| Dec 11th | At the Conference in Lausanne the major powers acknowledge Germanys equal rights in (re)armament |
| 1933 | Alliance
Schleicher, Kurt von | |
| | Splitting the Nazis under Gregor Strasser fails |
| 1933 | Austrian Legion
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Founds the Austrian Legion which remains mobilized in Bavaria on the Austrian border |
| 1933 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Broadcasts a promise to reconcile with France once the Saarland is returned |
| 1933 | Dismissal
Schleicher, Kurt von | |
| | Resigns when Hindenburg refuses to proclaim a national emergency & call elections |
| | Unknown to Schleicher, Papen was holding secret meetings with both Hitler and Hindenburg, who then refused Schleicher's request for emergency powers and another dissolution of the Reichstag |
| | The President dismisses Schleicher, calling Hitler into power on 30 January 1933 |
| 1933 | Election
Schleicher, Kurt von | |
| | The Nazis win Lippe & create a crisis in the Schleicher Government |
| | The Nazis win Lippe & create a crisis in the Schleicher Government |
| 1933 | Invasion of Austria
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Founds the Austrian Legion which remains mobilized in Bavaria on the Austrian border |
| 1933 | Kosher Food
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Bans kosher food |
| 1933 | Peoples Court
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Hitler decrees that treason would only be tried by a newly established Volksgerichtshof, notorious for it's death sentences |
| 1933 | Plot
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Allows Hitler to accelerate the banning of the Communist Party & confirm Nazi claims of a pending Communist revolution |
| 1933 | Protestantism
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | The Conference of Protestant Churches is declared illegal |
| 1933 | Restoration
Schleicher, Kurt von | |
| | Instrumental in attempts to negotiate the return of the House of Hohenzollern |
| 1933 | Rule of Saarland
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Broadcasts a promise Germany will reconcile with France once the Saarland is returned |
| 1933 | Vice Chancellor
Papen, Franz von | |
| | Appointed Vice Chancellor to Hitler |
| 1933 | Weimar Republic
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Less than a month after Adolf Hitler's appointment as chancellor the Reichstag Fire Decree invokes Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution, suspending several Constitutional protections on civil rights |
| 1933 | Government
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 4th | Hitler & Papen meet in the House of the banker Schroder to form a joint Government |
| 1933 | Election
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 22nd | Gains the support of Oscar von Hindenburg who agrees to appoint Hitler Chancellor |
| 1933 | Constitution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 30th | Hindenburg asks Hitler to form a Government |
| Jan 30th | The Government rules by Presidential decree as a coalition of "National accord" |
| Jan 30th | The "National Revolution" is followed by a "Lawful Revolution" |
| 1933 | Election
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 30th | Calls for a Rechstag election for 5th March |
| 1933 | Government
Papen, Franz von | |
| Jan 30th | As Vice Chancellor believes he can contain Hitler & use him to gain supreme power |
| 1933 | Vice Chancellor
Papen, Franz von | |
| Jan 30th | Appointed Vice Chancellor |
| 1933 | Dissolution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 31st | Dissolves the Reichstag & calls an election |
| 1933 | Government
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 31st | Asked by Hindenburg to head a Harzburg coalition of the NSDAP & Hugenberg Nationalists |
| 1933 | Election
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb | Directs his campaign against 14yrs of party Government |
| 1933 | Plot
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb | The Reichstag Fire trial is held but the Communist leaders are acquitted |
| 1933 | Trial
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb | At the end of the Reichstag Fire trial only Van der Lubbe is convicted, while his fellow defendants are found not guilty |
| 1933 | Conference of Disarmament
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb 2nd | A 2nd internalional Conference on disarmament ends without results, It tries to limit the army sizes of the major powers, while Germany is entitled to 200,000, Germany leaves the Conference because a plan postpones the limitations for 4 years |
| 1933 | Decree
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb 4th | Constitutional rights are suspended by decree, "to protect the German people" |
| 1933 | State of Emergency
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb 4th | Constitutional rights are suspended by decree, "to protect the German people" |
| 1933 | Alliance
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb 20th | Business leaders meet at the President's Palace & agree to financially support Hitler |
| 1933 | Election
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb 20th | Business leaders meet at the President's Palace & agree to financially support Hitler |
| 1933 | State of Emergency
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb 23rd | Declares a state of emergency |
| 1933 | Plot
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb 27th | The Nazis burn down the Reichstag & blame a Communist plot |
| 1933 | Constitution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb 28th | Individual liberty under the Weimer Constitution is suspended |
| Feb 28th | After the Reichstag fire Constitutional rights are suspended by Presidential decree |
| 1933 | Plot
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb 28th | Hitler promulgates a decree "for the protection of the People & the State" |
| Feb 28th | Constitutional rights are suspended by Presidential decree |
| 1933 | Reichstag Fire Decree
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb 28th | Less than a month after Adolf Hitler's appointment as chancellor the Reichstag Fire Decree invokes Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution, suspending several Constitutional protections on civil rights |
| Feb 28th | The Reichstag Fire Decree suspends most civil liberties in Germany and is used by the Nazis to ban publications not considered "friendly" to the Nazi cause |
| 1933 | Reichstag Fire
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb 28th | Despite the fact that Marinus van der Lubbe claimed to have acted alone in the Reichstag Fire, Hitler, after having obtained his emergency powers, announces that it was the start of a Communist plot to take over Germany |
| Feb 28th | Thousands of Communists are imprisoned in the days following the fire (including leaders of the Communist Party of Germany) on the charge that the Party was preparing to stage a putsch |
| 1933 | SS
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar | The SS had grown from a tiny personal bodyguard unit to a formation of over 50,000 men, the decision is made to form a new bodyguard unit, picking the most capable and trustworthy SS men to form its cadre |
| Mar | The SS is put under the command of Josef Dietrich who had selected 117 men for the SS-Stabswache Berlin, out of these three would become divisional commanders,at least eight would become regimental commanders, fifteen became battalion commanders |
| 1933 | Communist Party
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 1st | As a consequence of the Reichstag Fire Decree, the Communist Party of Germany KPD is banned |
| Mar 1st | The police & SA sieze all Communist Party buildings in Germany along with weapons claimed to be used for a Coup |
| 1933 | Decree
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 1st | As a consequence of the Reichstag Fire Decree, the Communist Party of Germany KPD is banned |
| 1933 | Plot
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 1st | As a consequence of the Reichstag Fire Decree, the Communist Party of Germany KPD is banned |
| 1933 | Chancellor
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 5th | The NSDAP wins only 44% of the vote but are able to use it to gain total power |
| 1933 | Election
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 5th | Falls far short of the 2/3 majority to establish dictatorship by consent of Parliament |
| Mar 5th | The Nazis increase their vote to 44% giving the Nazis & their coalition allies the German National Peoples Party 52% |
| Mar 5th | The Nazis need the 52 seats won by their Nationalist allies to win a majority |
| Mar 5th | The Nazis poll 17,277,180 votes, failing to win a majority with 43.9% of the total |
| Mar 5th | The Nazis win 288 out of 647 seats in the Reichstag |
| Mar 5th | With Communist electoral participation also suppressed (the Communists had previously polled 17% of the vote), the Nazis are able to increase their share of the vote in the March 5, 1933 Reichstag elections from 33% to 44% |
| Mar 5th | Hitler makes a speech on the "Day of the Awekening Nation" |
| 1933 | Reichstag Fire
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 5th | With Communist electoral participation also suppressed (the Communists had previously polled 17% of the vote), the Nazis are able to increase their share of the vote in the March 5, 1933 Reichstag elections from 33% to 44% |
| 1933 | Speech
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 5th | Hitler makes a speech on the "Day of the Awekening Nation" |
| 1933 | Coup d'Etat
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 9th | Under Hitler's orders von Epp sets up a Nazi regime in Bavaria |
| 1933 | Concordat
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 20th | Hitler agrees Centre Party terms but expects bishops to revoke a Nazi membership ban |
| Mar 20th | The Centre Party agrees to the terms of the Concordat & will vote for the Enabling Act |
| 1933 | Concentration Camps
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 21st | 1st concentration camp is opened at Oranienburg outside Berlin |
| 1933 | Constitution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 21st | "The day of Potsdam", Parliament is deprived of its powers |
| 1933 | Economy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 21st | The "battle for work" begins |
| 1933 | Reichstag
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 21st | A ceremony in the Potsdam Garrison Church marks the opening of the Reichstag |
| Mar 21st | Opened on the same day Bismarck opened the 1st Reichstag of the 2nd Reich in 1871 |
| Mar 21st | The ceremonial opening of the 1st NSDAP Parliament, held at the Garrison Church |
| 1933 | Constitution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 23rd | A dictatorship in all but name is established |
| Mar 23rd | All political parties other than the NSDAP are banned |
| Mar 23rd | Legislative power is transferred to the executive |
| Mar 23rd | The Centre Party votes for the Enabling Law, the "legal" basis of dictatorship |
| Mar 23rd | 441 in the Reichstag vote for the Enabling Bill, only 94 against |
| Mar 23rd | Nazi Germany cultivated the Fuhrerprinzip (leader principle), and Hitler was generally known as just der Fuhrer ("the Leader") |
| Mar 23rd | The Enabling Act secures Hitler's independence from the Reichstag & President |
| Mar 23rd | The Enabling Bill is put before the Reichstag |
| Mar 23rd | The title of Fhrer and Chancellor is soon understood to mean Head of State & Head of Government & given by propaganda the title of Fhrer des deutschen Reiches und Volkes (Leader of the German Reich and People), the name the soldiers had to swear to |
| Mar 23rd | The title of Reichspr„sident however was not taken by Hitler; instead, he wanted to let his title remain Fhrer und Reichskanzler, for respect of Hindenburg's achievements as a WWI hero who became Germany's President |
| 1933 | Fuhrerprinzip
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 23rd | Nazi Germany cultivated the Fuhrerprinzip (leader principle), and Hitler was generally known as just der Fuhrer ("the Leader") |
| 1933 | Legislation
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 23rd | The Centre Party votes for the Enabling Law, the "legal" basis of dictatorship |
| Mar 23rd | The Kroll Opera House, where the voting will be held, is surrounded by SA & SS |
| 1933 | Reform
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 23rd | The Enabling Act, the "Law for Removing the Distress of People & Reich" is presented |
| 1933 | Reichstag
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 23rd | The Reichstag convenes in the Kroll Opera House |
| 1933 | Constitution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 24th | After only two months in office the Reichstag passes the Enabling Act which gave the Chancellor full legislative powers for a period of four years, the Chancellor could introduce any law without consulting Parliament |
| Mar 24th | After the passage of the Enabling Act Hitler becomes dictator of Germany |
| Mar 24th | Germany becomes a dictatorship |
| Mar 24th | The Reichstag votes for the Enabling Act handing over legislative control to the Nazis |
| 1933 | Legislation
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 24th | Germany becomes a dictatorship |
| Mar 24th | The Reichstag votes for the Enabling Act |
| 1933 | Reform
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 24th | 441 for to 84 against (all 84 Social Democrats) for the Enabling Act |
| Mar 24th | The Reichstag votes for the Enabling Act |
| 1933 | Concordat
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 25th | Bishops withdraw their ban on membership of the Nazi party |
| 1933 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 25th | Roosevelt requests an assurance Germany will not invade any country from a list of 31 |
| Mar 25th | The US "declines" to recognize the German occupation of Bohemia & Moravia |
| 1933 | NSDAP
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 30th | German bishops withdraw their ban on Nazism |
| 1933 | Jewish Bank Accounts
Hitler, Adolf | |
| April 1st | The Nazis seize Jewish bank accounts |
| 1933 | Persecution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| April 1st | National boycott of all Jewish businesses & professions |
| 1933 | Constitution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| April 7th | Appoints Nazi Reich Governors to run all German states subjecting them to the Reich |
| 1933 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| April 27th | Anglo-German trade agreement |
| 1933 | VJ Day
Hitler, Adolf | |
| May 1st | The "Joy of Victory" celebrations take place |
| 1933 | Arrest
Hitler, Adolf | |
| May 2nd | Trades Union leaders are put in concentration camps |
| 1933 | Trades Unions
Hitler, Adolf | |
| May 2nd | The Nazis suppress German trades unions |
| May 2nd | Dissolves the Trades Unions, their leaders are put in concentration camps |
| 1933 | Books
Hitler, Adolf | |
| May 10th | Bonfires are started with proscribed books of anti-Nazi writers |
| 1933 | Burning Books
Hitler, Adolf | |
| May 10th | Bonfires are started with proscribed books of anti-Nazi writers |
| 1933 | Purge
Hitler, Adolf | |
| May 10th | Decadent books are burnt in a purge by the Nazis |
| 1933 | Election
Hitler, Adolf | |
| May 28th | The Nazis win elections in Danzig |
| 1933 | Neuordnung
Hitler, Adolf | |
| June | Policy change of the "National revolution" combining Nationalism & Socialism |
| 1933 | Social Democratic Party
Hitler, Adolf | |
| June 22nd | Frick dissolves the Social Democratic Party as "subversive & inimical to the state" |
| 1933 | Reichstag Fire
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July | Marinus van der Lubbe, Ernst Torgler, Georgi Dimitrov, Blagoi Popov, and Vassil Tanev are indicted on charges of setting the Reichstag on fire |
| 1933 | Trial
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July | Marinus van der Lubbe, Ernst Torgler, Georgi Dimitrov, Blagoi Popov, and Vassil Tanev are indicted on charges of setting the Reichstag on fire |
| 1933 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 1st | 1st propaganda leaflet drop over Austria, denouncing Dollfuss |
| 1933 | Catholic Bavarian Peoples Party
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 4th | The Catholic Bavarian Peoples Party announces its dissolution |
| 1933 | German National Party
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 4th | The German National Party announces its dissolution |
| 1933 | Peoples Party
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 4th | The Peoples Party announces its dissolution |
| 1933 | Centre Party
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 5th | The Centre Party announces its dissolution |
| 1933 | Dissolution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 5th | The Centre Party announces its dissolution |
| 1933 | Concordat
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 8th | Papen & Cardinal Pacelli sign the German concordat with Rome |
| July 8th | Papen & Cardinal Pacelli sign the German concordat with Rome |
| 1933 | Concordat
Papen, Franz von | |
| July 8th | Papen & Cardinal Pacelli sign the German concordat with Rome |
| July 8th | Papen & Cardinal Pacelli sign the German concordat with Rome |
| 1933 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 8th | Papen & Cardinal Pacelli sign the German concordat with Rome |
| 1933 | Concordat
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 9th | The world learns of the concordat signed between Germany & the Holy See |
| 1933 | Constitution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 14th | The National Socialist German Worker's Party becomes the only political party |
| 1933 | Dismissal
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 14th | Dismisses all members of the Cabinet who are not Nazi sympathisers |
| 1933 | Political Parties
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 14th | The NSDAP becomes the political party allowed in Germany |
| 1933 | Reform
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 14th | A law is passed "for the prevention of the propogation of hereditary illness" |
| 1933 | Pact
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 15th | A pact between France, Germany, Great Britain and Italy is signed |
| 1933 | Concordat
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 19th | The Catholic Church agrees not to become involved in Germany if Catholicism is allowed |
| July 20th | The concordat is formally signed |
| 1933 | Chamber of Cult
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep | The Reichs Chamber of Culture is founded under the new Minister of Propaganda |
| 1933 | Chancellor
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep | Ludwig Muller is appointed Bishop of the Reich |
| 1933 | Concordat
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep | Ludwig Muller becomes Bishop of the Reich |
| 1933 | Leibstandarte
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep | The Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler (SS-LAH) becomes Adolf Hitler's personal Bodyguard Regiment ("Leibstandarte" being the German word for "bodyguard") |
| 1933 | Rally
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 2nd | Addresses 200,000 & promises that Nuremberg rallies will meet for 100 years |
| 1933 | League of Nations
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Oct 14th | Germany leaves the League of Nations, because it cannot fully rearm |
| Oct 14th | Germany leaves the League of Nations, because it cannot fully rearm |
| 1933 | Freikorps
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 9th | Freikorps leaders symbolically gave their old battle flags to Hitler's Sturmabteilung and Schutzstaffel in a huge ceremony |
| 1933 | Constitution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Dec 1st | The NSDAP becomes the party of the state |
| 1933 | Reichstag Fire
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Dec 23rd | At the end of the trial only Van der Lubbe is convicted, while his fellow defendants are found not guilty |
| 1934 | Armament
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Orders the Army to increase it's strength from 100,000 to 300,000 by October 1 1934 |
| 1934 | Constitution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Abolishes the title & office of the President |
| 1934 | Coup d'Etat
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Mussolini mobilizes 4 Div's after the assassination of Dolfuss, Hitler's Coup fails |
| | Mussolini mobilizes on the Brenner Pass & forces Hitler to give up annexation |
| | Mussolini mobilizes 4 Div's after the assassination of Dolfuss, Hitler's Coup fails |
| 1934 | Execution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Van der Lubbe is beheaded in a German prison yard after being found guilty of the Reichstag fire |
| 1934 | Gestapo
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Hitler says of the Gestapo that "all means, even if they are not in conformity with existing laws and precedents, are permitted if they serve the will of the Fhrer" |
| | The Gestapo has the authority to arrest citizens on the mere suspicion that they might commit a crime, and the definition of a crime is at their discretion |
| 1934 | Interview
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Announces to a Daily Mail reporter that "war will not come again" |
| 1934 | League of Nations
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Germany leaves the League of Nations |
| | Germany leaves the League of Nations |
| 1934 | Night of Long Knives
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | The Reichstag retrospectively makes the plot both "legal & statesmanlike" |
| 1934 | Peoples Court
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | The Court handed down an enormous number of death sentences under Judge-President Roland Freisler |
| | The Peoples Court (German: Volksgerichtshof) is established in 1934 by Hitler, who had been dissatisfied with the outcome of the Reichstag Fire Trial (all but one of the accused were acquitted) |
| | The "Peoples Court" was set up outside the operations of the Constitutional frame of law, the court had jurisdiction over a rather broad array of "political offenses," which included crimes like black marketeering, work slowdowns, defeatism and treason |
| 1934 | Referendum
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Hitler's position as President of Germany is confirmed by a plebiscite of 88% |
| | The Council of the League of Nations places on its agenda the Saarland Plebiscite |
| 1934 | Volksgerichtshof
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | The Peoples Court (German: Volksgerichtshof) is established in 1934 by Hitler, who had been dissatisfied with the outcome of the Reichstag Fire Trial (all but one of the accused were acquitted) |
| 1934 | Legislation
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 1st | Sterilization measures come into effect to prevent hereditary illness |
| 1934 | Reichstag Fire
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 10th | Van der Lubbe is beheaded in a German prison yard after being found guilty of the Reichstag fire |
| 1934 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 24th | Pact of non-aggression and friendship between Germany and Poland |
| 1934 | Pact
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 24th | Pact of non-aggression and friendship between Germany and Poland |
| 1934 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 26th | Diffuses aggressive intentions & draws Poland away from an Alliance with France |
| Jan 26th | Signs a pact of non-aggression with Poland |
| 1934 | Plot
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb | Hitler makes Rohm sign an agreement with Blomber restricting the activity of ths SA |
| 1934 | Reform
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb | Hitler makes Rohm sign an agreement with Blomber restricting the activity of ths SA |
| 1934 | Constitution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| April 7th | Abolishes state assemblies & transfers all sovereign power to the Reich |
| 1934 | Meeting
Hitler, Adolf | |
| June 4th | Hitler meets Rohm, the outcome is is that the SA has to take 1 month's leave |
| June 4th | Hitler has a meeting with Rohm for 5 hrs & warns him not to start a 2nd revolution |
| 1934 | SA
Hitler, Adolf | |
| June 4th | Hitler has a meeting with Rohm, the SA has to take 1 month's leave |
| 1934 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| June 14th | Hitler & Mussolini meet in Venice |
| 1934 | Plot
Hitler, Adolf | |
| June 22nd | Meets with Lutze & declares that the SA must go |
| June 22nd | Promises General Blomber that he will suppress the SA leadership |
| 1934 | Arrest
Hitler, Adolf | |
| June 30th | Orders the arrest & execution of all rivals to him within the Nazi Party |
| June 30th | Confronts Rohm, accuses hime of organizing a rebellion & has him arrested |
| June 30th | Confronts Rohm & has him & other SA leaders arrested |
| 1934 | Execution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| June 30th | Executed by the Nazis, Director of the Students Welfare Fund |
| June 30th | Executed by the Nazis, had drafted Papen's protest speech 13 days prior |
| June 30th | Execution of Fritz Gerlich, executed by the Nazis for editing an anti-Nazi newspaper |
| 1934 | Night of Long Knives
Hitler, Adolf | |
| June 30th | Confronts Rohm & has him & other SA leaders arrested |
| June 30th | Assassinations against the SA & ideas of Ernst Roehm who wants a Socialist revolution |
| June 30th | Gives the codeword, "Kolibri" & triggers off a massacre in Berlin |
| 1934 | Arrest
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July | More than 150 SA leaders are arrested & executed |
| 1934 | Execution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 1st | Former Chancellor Schleicher is gunned down by 6 assassins |
| July 1st | Has Gregor Strasser executed, 1 of the founders of the Nazi Party |
| July 1st | The execution of Rohm gives Hitler full control of the SA |
| July 1st | Has von Kahr executed because he had led the troops against Hitler's Beer Hall putsch |
| 1934 | Night of Long Knives
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 13th | Announces Rohm, von Schleicher & Gregor Strasser plotted against the Reich |
| July 13th | Defends himself in the Reichstag as "the Supreme Justiciar of the German People" |
| July 13th | Defends his actions in the Reichstag which "belonged to a higher justice" |
| July 13th | Hitler instructs Wilhelm Frick to draft a law making the killings legal |
| 1934 | Assassination
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 25th | Nazis murder Dolfuss during a failed Coup after he objects to anschluss with Germany |
| 1934 | Coup d'Etat
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 25th | Austrian Nazis break into the Federal Chancellery & assassinate Dolfuss |
| July 25th | Austrian Nazis break into the Federal Chancellery & assassinate Dolfuss |
| 1934 | Weimar Republic
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Aug | The powers of the L„nder (states) were transferred to the Reich, rendering the Reichsrat obsolete, a month later, the01 Reichsrat itself was dissolved & when President von Hindenburg die in August Hitler appropriated the president's powers for himself |
| 1934 | Constitution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Aug 1st | A law is passed combining the offices of "Fuhrer and Reich Chancellor" with President |
| Aug 2nd | Goebbels makes a broadcast announcing the merger of the offices of Fuhrer & President |
| Aug 2nd | Appoints himself as President of Germany after the death of President von Hindenburg |
| 1934 | Death
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Aug 2nd | Deth of Hindenburg, Hitler becomes head of state & the army swears an oath to him |
| 1934 | Oath
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Aug 2nd | The armed forces swear an oath of allegiance to the "Fuhrer & Chancellor Adolf Hitler" |
| 1934 | Fuehrer Chancellor
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Aug 19th | On the death of Hindenburg proclaims himself Fuhrer, a position created by himself |
| 1934 | Deutsche Arbeits Front
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Oct 24th | Issues a decree compelling all workers have to join the Deutsche Arbeits Front |
| 1934 | Labour Movement
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Oct 24th | The Nazi labour movement is formed |
| 1935 | Constitution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | When conscription is reintroduced Hitler had himself promoted to the new title Oberster Befehlshaber der Wehrmacht (Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces) |
| | Legally, the Commander-in-Chief of the Wehrmacht was Adolf Hitler in his capacity as Germany's head of state, a position he gained after the death of President Paul von Hindenburg in August 1934 |
| 1935 | Legislation
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Decrees full "racial purity" by forbidding mixed blood co-habitation |
| | Law for the Protection of German Blood & Honour |
| 1935 | Oberster Befehlshaber
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | When conscription is reintroduced Hitler had himself promoted to the new title Oberster Befehlshaber der Wehrmacht (Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces) |
| 1935 | Referendum
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Agrees a request from the League of Nations not to interfere in elections |
| | The Nazis launch a vehement campaign |
| 1935 | Reichswehr
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | The Reichswehr was renamed Wehrmacht |
| 1935 | Supreme Commander
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | When conscription is reintroduced Hitler had himself promoted to the new title Oberster Befehlshaber der Wehrmacht (Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces) |
| 1935 | Wehrmacht
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | The Reichswehr was renamed Wehrmacht |
| | Wehrmacht, name of the unified armed forces of Germany from 1935 to 1945, consists of the Heer (army), the Kriegsmarine (navy) and the Luftwaffe (air force) |
| 1935 | Referendum
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 13th | Overwhelming victory, German rule is not allowed by World War I peace treaties |
| 1935 | Rule of Saarland
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 13th | Hitler wins the referendum for the return of Saarland |
| 1935 | Armament
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar | Announces the peace time strength of the German army will be 1/2 million |
| Mar | Hitler restores conscription |
| 1935 | Conscription
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar | Hitler restores conscription |
| 1935 | Reform
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar | Founds the Ministry of Church Affairs |
| Mar | Hitler restores conscription |
| 1935 | Treaty of Versailles
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar | Hitler repudiates the military restrictions of the treaty of Versailles |
| 1935 | Armament
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 9th | The Allies are informed about the existence of a German airforce |
| 1935 | Luftwaffe
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 9th | The Allies are informed about the existence of a German airforce |
| 1935 | Armament
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 16th | Announces abrogation of the treaty of Versailles |
| Mar 16th | Announces expansion of the Army to 36 Divs |
| Mar 16th | The Nazis decree compulsory military service in defiance of the treaty of Versailles |
| 1935 | Conscription
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 16th | The Nazis decree compulsory military service in defiance of the treaty of Versailles |
| 1935 | Treaty of Versailles
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 16th | The Nazis decree compulsory military service in defiance of the treaty of Versailles |
| Mar 16th | Announces abrogation of the treaty of Versailles & expansion of the Army to 36 Divs |
| 1935 | Communique
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 23rd | Meets Eden to discuss the London Communique issued by Britain & France |
| 1935 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 23rd | Meets Eden to discuss the London Communique issued by Britain & France |
| Mar 23rd | Rejects an Eastern Pact based on Locarno & prefers individual pacts |
| 1935 | Alliance
Hitler, Adolf | |
| April 11th | A Conference at Maggiore attended by Italy, Britain & France |
| April 11th | The Stresa Front is formed which condemns Germany's violations of Versailles |
| 1935 | Treaty of Versailles
Hitler, Adolf | |
| April 17th | The League of Nations condemns the German violation of the Versailles treaty, no action is taken |
| 1935 | Legislation
Hitler, Adolf | |
| April 30th | A Jewish tenant can be evicted if an alternate lodging is available |
| 1935 | Treaty of Anglo German Naval
Hitler, Adolf | |
| May 21st | Prepared to restrict the tonnage of the German Navy to 35% of the British |
| June 18th | Agrees to restrict the fleet to 35% of the Royal Navy's & to parity in submarines |
| 1935 | Legislation
Hitler, Adolf | |
| June 26th | Men aged between 19 & 25 are conscripted for 6 months, prior to military service |
| 1935 | Reform
Hitler, Adolf | |
| June 26th | The Reichsarbeitsdienst law is passed |
| 1935 | Employment
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep | Can claim that unemployment had fallen from 6 million to 1 million |
| 1935 | Rally
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 11th | First day of the Nuremberg Rally |
| 1935 | Constitution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 15th | Creates Reichsburger of "pure German blood" |
| Sep 15th | Jews lose legal equality as Germany is divided into "subjects"& "citizens" |
| 1935 | Legislation
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 15th | Jews are stripped of German citzenship |
| Sep 15th | The Reichstag passes further anti-Semitic & Nuremberg laws |
| Sep 15th | Jews lose legal equality as Germany is divided into "subjects"& "citizens" |
| 1935 | Reform
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Oct 5th | Jews are issued with new passports identified with the letter J |
| 1935 | Legislation
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Oct 6th | Orders abortion if either partner suffers from hereditary disease |
| 1935 | Reform
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Oct 6th | Orders abortion if either partner suffers from hereditary disease |
| 1935 | Exile
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Oct 28th | 17,000 Polish Jews are expelled |
| 1936 | Condor Legion
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Forms the Condor Legion which transports troops from Morocco |
| | The Condor Legion is used to test weapons during the Spanish Civil War |
| 1936 | Hitler Youth
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Membership of the Hitler Youth Movement becomes compulsory |
| 1936 | Treaty of Locarno
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Hitler gets away with breaking the Locarno agreement which had guaranteed frontiers |
| 1936 | Alliance
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb | France ratifies a treaty with Russia, Hitler uses this to march into the Rhineland |
| 1936 | Occupation
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb | France ratifies a treaty with Russia, Hitler uses this to march into the Rhineland |
| Mar 7th | France could have acted under the treaty of Locarno to prevent the occupation |
| Mar 7th | Gambles that the French will not declare war |
| Mar 7th | In contravention to the treaty of Versailles, an act of war |
| Mar 7th | Musters a single Division & occupies the Rhineland, only 3 battalions cross the Rhine |
| 1936 | Treaty of Locarno
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 7th | France could have acted under the treaty of Locarno to prevent the occupation |
| Mar 7th | Hitler tears up the treaty of Locarno when he sent in the German Army into the Rhineland |
| 1936 | Treaty of Versailles
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 7th | Hitler occupies the Rhineland in contravention of Versailles, an act of war |
| 1936 | Rally
Hitler, Adolf | |
| May 1st | A Nazi May Day rally is held in Berlin merged with an ancient Spring festival |
| 1936 | Constitution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| June 17th | All political police forces throughout Germany are united with Himmler as the chief |
| 1936 | Reform
Hitler, Adolf | |
| June 17th | Himmler merges the control of the police & the SS |
| June 17th | Hitler places the control of the police forces under Himmler |
| 1936 | Sicherheitsdienst
Hitler, Adolf | |
| June 17th | All political police forces throughout Germany are united with Himmler as the chief |
| 1936 | Sicherheitspolizei
Hitler, Adolf | |
| June 17th | Heydrich is placed in charge of the Sicherheitspolizei |
| 1936 | Alliance
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 11th | Austria agrees that her foreign policy would be determined as a "German State" |
| 1936 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 11th | Germany confirms Austria's sovereignty & promises not to interfere in internal affairs |
| 1936 | Independence
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 11th | Confirms Austria's sovereignty & promises not to interfere in it's internal affairs |
| 1936 | Olympics
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Aug | Germany hosts the Olympics, the most ceremonial up to that time |
| 1936 | Civil War Spain
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Aug 24th | Germany, Italy & Portugal agree to Anglo-French proposals for non-intervention |
| Sep | Hitler announces the 2nd 4 Year Plan with Goring as plenipotentiary |
| 1936 | Rally
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep | A week long Nazi rally is held in Nuremberg |
| 1936 | Civil War Spain
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 9th | A Non-intervention committee is held in London, Italy & Germany ignore it |
| 1936 | Reform
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Oct 5th | All Jewish passports must be stamped with the letter "J" |
| 1936 | Alliance
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 1st | Signs the agreement, effectively ending the treaty of Versailles |
| 1936 | Civil War Spain
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 18th | Germany recognizes Franco's Nationalist regime, the Junta at Burgos |
| 1937 | Legislation
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Civil Service Act, teachers become executors of the Party State |
| 1937 | Oath
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | The Protestant Church takes an oath & is declared "coordinated" |
| 1937 | Rally
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Announces his plan for "a German Reich of German nationals" |
| 1937 | Reform
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Civil Service Act, teachers become executors of the Party State |
| 1937 | Armament
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 30th | Proclaims to the Reichstag Germany's withdrawal from the treaty of Versailles |
| 1937 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 30th | Repudiates the Locarno treaty but will guarantee the independence of Holland & Belgium |
| 1937 | Independence
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 30th | Hitler repudiates the Locarno treaty but will guarantee the independence of Holland & Belgium |
| Jan 30th | Repudiates the Locarno treaty but will guarantee the independence of Holland & Belgium |
| 1937 | Treaty of Locarno
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 30th | Repudiates the Locarno treaty but will guarantee the independence of Holland & Belgium |
| 1937 | Treaty of Versailles
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 30th | Addresses the Reichstag proclaiming "withdrawal" from the treaty of Versailles |
| Jan 30th | Proclaims to the Reichstag "withdrawal of the German signature" from Versailles |
| 1937 | Bombing of Guernica
Hitler, Adolf | |
| April 27th | The Condor Legion bomb rebel lines & civilian centres during the Spanish Civil War |
| 1937 | Treaty of Versailles
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 7th | Calls an end to the treaty of Versailles |
| 1937 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 23rd | Hitler meets Mussolini in front of an SS Parade & a rally of 800,000 |
| Sep 23rd | Hitler receives Mussolini, he tries to prize Italy away from it's support of Austria |
| Sep 23rd | The Duke & Duchess of Windsor begin their visit to Germany & meet Hitler |
| 1937 | Declaration of War
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 5th | Declares to the service chiefs Germany must use force to win teritory in 1938 or 1939 |
| 1937 | Memo
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 5th | Declares that Britain will be a neutral while Germany expands in the East |
| Nov 5th | Declares that Britain will be a neutral while Germany expands in the East |
| 1937 | Arrest
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Dec | Over 800 Protestant pastors are arrested |
| Dec | The leader of the Protestant opposition to the German Christians is arrested |
| 1937 | Resignation
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Dec | Hitler accepts Schacht's resignation after he disagrees with Goering's policies |
| 1938 | Cabinet
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Sets up a Secret Cabinet Council, probably to impress Chamberlain, but it never meets |
| 1938 | Crisis
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Dismsses Blomberg & Fritsch after contrived revelations about their personal lives |
| 1938 | OKH
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | The OKW coordinates military activities but Keitel's sway over the three branches of service (army, air force, and navy) was rather limited, each its own High Command, known as Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH, army), Oberkommando der Marine (OKL) |
| 1938 | OKL
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | The OKW coordinates military activities but Keitel's sway over the three branches of service (army, air force, and navy) was rather limited, each its own High Command, known as Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH, army), Oberkommando der Marine (OKL) |
| 1938 | OKW
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | After von Blomberg resigned in the course of the Blomberg-Fritsch Affair the Armed Forces High Command (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht or OKW) under Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm Keitel is created |
| | The OKW coordinates military activities but Keitel's sway over the three branches of service (army, air force, and navy) was rather limited, each its own High Command, known as Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH, army), Oberkommando der Marine (OKL) |
| 1938 | Wehrmacht
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | After von Blomberg resigned in the course of the Blomberg-Fritsch Affair the Armed Forces High Command (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht or OKW) under Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm Keitel is created |
| | In the reshuffle Hitler becomes the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces |
| | In the reshuffle Hitler becomes the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces |
| | The OKW coordinates military activities but Keitel's sway over the three branches of service (army, air force, and navy) was rather limited, each its own High Command, known as Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH, army), Oberkommando der Marine (OKL) |
| | After von Blomberg resigned in the course of the Blomberg-Fritsch Affair the Armed Forces High Command (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht or OKW) under Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm Keitel is created |
| 1938 | Crisis
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan | Dismisses 16 high ranking officers during the Blomberg-Fritsch crisis |
| Jan | Hitler uses the crisis to appoint himself supreme commander of the armed forces |
| 1938 | Dismissal
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan | Forces von Leeb into retirement during the Blomberg-Fritsch crisis |
| 1938 | Crisis
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 12th | Hitler attends the wedding of von Blomberg to Eva Gruhn, allegedly a former prostitute |
| 1938 | Resignation
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 25th | Hitler uses Blomberg's resignation to become Commander-in-Chief |
| 1938 | Constitution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb | The last Cabinet meeting of the Third Reich |
| Feb | With Hitler's approval the CAbinet can promulgate decrees which have the status of law |
| 1938 | Crisis
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb 4th | Blomberg is forced to resign |
| 1938 | Dismissal
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb 4th | Conservatives such as Blomberg, Fritsch & Neurath appointed by Hindenburg are removed |
| 1938 | Fuehrer Chancellor
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb 4th | Appoints von Ribbentrop Foreirgn Minister |
| Feb 4th | Assumes the leadership of the Ministry of War |
| 1938 | Anschluss
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb 12th | Hitler orders the Austrian Chancellor to to hand over control of his Government |
| Feb 12th | Informs the Austrian Chancellor to hand control over to the Nazis |
| 1938 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb 12th | Schuschigg is forced by Hitler to agree an amnesty for imprisoned Austrian Nazis |
| 1938 | Anschluss
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb 20th | Promises to support the rights of Germans not living in the Reich in the Reichstag |
| 1938 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb 20th | Hitler demands self-determination for Germans in Austria and Czechoslovakia |
| 1938 | Rule of Czechoslovakia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb 20th | Hitler demands self-determination for Germans in Austria and Czechoslovakia |
| 1938 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 8th | Herbert Hoover tells Hitler that his doctrine would be unacceptable and intolerable in the US |
| 1938 | Anschluss
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 9th | Kurt Schuschnigg defies the Nazis & calls for a referendum on independence |
| Mar 10th | Decides on military occupation before Schuschnigg's plebiscite of March 13th |
| 1938 | Invasion of Austria
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 10th | Decides on military occupation before Schuschnigg's plebiscite of March 13th |
| 1938 | Anschluss
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 11th | Austrian Nazis in Government appeal to Hitler to restore order |
| Mar 11th | Mussolini indicates that he will not intervene to save Austria |
| Mar 11th | Austrian Nazis take to the streets in Austria & appeal to Hitler to restore order |
| Mar 11th | Makes an ultimatum to Schuschnigg forbidding his referendum on union with Germany |
| 1938 | Invasion of Austria
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 11th | German troops are prepared to invade Austria |
| 1938 | Invasion of Bohemia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 11th | Decides to issue an ultimatum to annex Bohemia & Moravia |
| Mar 11th | An ultimatum is drafted on Hitler's orders by Keitel calling the Czechs to surrender |
| 1938 | Anschluss
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 12th | Germany invades Austria after the Austrian Nazi Party invite German troops to march in and the union becomes the Anschluss |
| Mar 12th | Orders Wihelm Stuckart to Vienna to draft a law making him President of Austria |
| Mar 12th | German troops occupy Austria which then becomes a Dominion of the Third Reich |
| Mar 12th | Proclaims the union of Austria with Germany |
| Mar 12th | Orders Stuckart to Vienna to organize anshcluss n defiance of the Versailles treaty |
| 1938 | Invasion of Austria
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 12th | Germany invades Austria after the Austrian Nazi Party invite German troops to march in and the union becomes the Anschluss |
| 1938 | Rule of Austria
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 12th | Germany invades Austria after the Austrian Nazi Party invite German troops to march in and the union becomes the Anschluss |
| 1938 | Invasion of Austria
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 13th | German troops enter Austria |
| 1938 | Anschluss
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 14th | Chamberlain anounces in the Commons that nothing could have stopped the anshcluss |
| Mar 14th | Makes a triumphal entry into Vienna, where he had lived so long as a tramp |
| 1938 | Invasion of Austria
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 14th | Hitler lays a wreath on his parents grave in Austria |
| 1938 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 28th | Advises the German population in Czech to demand enough to break-up the Cezh state |
| 1938 | Anschluss
Hitler, Adolf | |
| April | Cardinal Theodor Innitzer of Vienna meets with Hitler and then directs all Catholic clergy and laity to "unconditionally support the great German State and the Fuhrer" |
| April 10th | 99.08% of Austrians & Germans vote in favour of the Anscluss |
| 1938 | Plebiscite
Hitler, Adolf | |
| April 10th | 99.08% of Austrians & Germans vote in favour of the Anscluss |
| 1938 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| April 24th | The Sudeten German's demands for autonomy is rejected by the Prague Government |
| May 12th | Recognizes the Japanese puppet state in Manchuria, Manzhouguo |
| 1938 | Invasion of Czechoslovakia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| May 18th | German troop movements are reported near the Bohemian border |
| 1938 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| May 21st | "It is my unalterable intention to smash Czech by military action in the near future" |
| 1938 | Independence
Hitler, Adolf | |
| May 21st | "It is my unalterable intention to smash Czech by military action in the near future" |
| 1938 | Invasion of Czechoslovakia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| May 21st | "It is my unalterable intention to smash Czech by military action in the near future" |
| 1938 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| June 18th | Says he will only take action against Czech if Britain & France do not intervene |
| 1938 | Invasion of Czechoslovakia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| June 18th | Says he will only take action against Czech if Britain & France do not intervene |
| 1938 | Invasion of Holland
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Aug 24th | Consults the Army to occupy the Netherlands & Belgium & how long it would take |
| 1938 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 3rd | Pays a State visit to Mussolini in Rome |
| Sep 12th | In a speech at Nuremberg Hitler demands that Benes meets the German Czech claims |
| Sep 15th | Receives Chamberlain & confirms his determination to annex the Sudetenland |
| 1938 | Invasion of Czechoslovakia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 15th | Receives Chamberlain & confirms his determination to annex the Sudetenland |
| 1938 | Invasion of Sudetanland
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 15th | Receives Chamberlain & confirms his determination to annex the Sudetenland |
| 1938 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 18th | Britain & France wish to persuade Czech to cede areas greater than 50% to Germany |
| Sep 22nd | Chamberlain offers the dissolution of the Czech Alliances with France & Russia |
| Sep 22nd | Chamberlain visits Hitler & offers peaceful inclusion of Sudetenland within the Reich |
| 1938 | Invasion of Czechoslovakia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 22nd | Chamberlain visits Hitler & offers peaceful inclusion of Sudetenland within the Reich |
| 1938 | Invasion of Sudetanland
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 22nd | Chamberlain visits Hitler & offers peaceful inclusion of Sudetenland within the Reich |
| 1938 | Rule of Saarland
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 22nd | Chamberlain visits Hitler & offers peaceful inclusion of Sudetenland within the Reich |
| 1938 | Invasion of Poland
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 27th | Troops pass before Hitler to the indifference of the Berliners, in contrast to 1914 |
| 1938 | Conference of Munich
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 28th | Hitler wants a Conference to settle the Czech crisis, Mussolini chooses Munich |
| Sep 28th | Holds a Conference with Mussolini & the Prime Ministers of France & Britain |
| 1938 | Crisis
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 28th | Hitler wants a Conference to settle the Czech crisis, Mussolini chooses Munich |
| 1938 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 28th | Mussolini sends his Ambassador to agree the action Hitler wants in the Sudetenland |
| Sep 28th | The French Ambassador visits Hitler & agrees occupation of the Sudetenland 10th Oct |
| 1938 | Conference of Munich
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 29th | Boards Mussolini's train prior to the Munich Conference, discusses invading Czech |
| 1938 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 29th | Boards Mussolini's train prior to the Munich Conference, discusses invading Czech |
| 1938 | Invasion of Czechoslovakia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 29th | Boards Mussolini's train prior to the Munich Conference, discusses invading Czech |
| 1938 | Rule of Sudetenland
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 29th | The Sudetenland is ceded to Germany under the terms of the Munich Agreement |
| 1938 | Treaty of Munich
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 29th | Hitler pledges that the Sudetenland is his final demand |
| Sep 29th | Substantially the same as the Godesburg Proposals agreed between Hitler & Chamberlain |
| Sep 29th | The Sudetenland is ceded to Germany |
| 1938 | Conference of Munich
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 30th | Signs the Munich Agreement |
| 1938 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Oct | Agrees German-Italian arbitration to settle a frontier between Hungary & Slovakia |
| 1938 | Invasion of Czechoslovakia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Oct 1st | Czech loses 11,000 sqr miles of territory |
| Oct 1st | German troops march into the Sudetenland, the promised plebiscite is never held |
| 1938 | Invasion of Sudetenland
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Oct 1st | German troops march into the Sudetenland, the promised plebiscite is never held |
| Oct 1st | Troops enter the Sudetenland, the day after Hitler has signed the Munich Agreement |
| 1938 | Treaty of Munich
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Oct 1st | German troops enter the Sudetenland, the day after the Munich Agreement |
| 1938 | Armament
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Oct 9th | Announces the strengthening of Germany's western fortifications |
| 1938 | Operation Transport Exercise
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov | Hitler orders the Kriegsmarine to plan a sea-borne invasion of Memel under the codename "Transport Exercise Stettin" |
| 1938 | Rule of Memel
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov | Hitler orders the Kriegsmarine to plan a sea-borne invasion of Memel under the codename "Transport Exercise Stettin" |
| Nov 1st | Lithuania bows to German demands to end martial law in Memel - local Nazi party leaders Neumann, Bertuleit and Bottchner released from prison |
| 1938 | Rule of Slovakia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 2nd | Germany gives southern Slovakia to Hungary |
| 1938 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 6th | At Weimar makes a speech denouncing Churchill, Eden & Cooper as warmongers |
| 1938 | Arrest
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 9th | 26,000 male Jews arrested |
| 1938 | Assassination
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 9th | The assassination of vom Rath in Paris is used to spark off "Kristallnacht" |
| 1938 | Demonstrations
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 9th | After the assassination of von Rath by a Jewish Pole Hitler provokes anti-Jewish riots |
| 1938 | Kristallnacht
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 9th | 26,000 male Jews arrested |
| Nov 9th | 30,000 Jews are sent to concentration camps |
| Nov 9th | Synagogues are set on fire, cemeteries violated & Jewish buildings destroyed |
| 1938 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 10th | The US Ambassador is withdrawn from Berlin after the events of "crystal night" |
| 1938 | Kristallnacht
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 10th | 191 synagogues & 177 Jewish appartments are burnt down |
| Nov 10th | 22 Germans are arrested trying to stop the violence |
| Nov 10th | 7,600 Jewish businesses are destroyed & there are 236 deaths |
| Nov 10th | German and Austrian Jews suffer 1 billion Marks of damage & forced to wear the Star of David |
| Nov 10th | Nazi leaders heard that a Jew had shot a German diplomat in Paris and ordered reprisals, Nazis kill 35 Jews, arrest thousands and destroy Jewish synagogues, homes and stores throughout Germany and Austria |
| 1938 | Capture of Danzig
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 24th | Issues a directive to the Commanders in Chief of the Armed Forces to occupy Danzig |
| 1938 | Invasion of Danzig
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 24th | Issues a directive to the Commanders of the Armed Forces for the occupation of Danzig |
| 1938 | Invasion of Poland
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 24th | Issues a directive to the Commanders in Chief of the Armed Forces to occupy Danzig |
| 1938 | Siege of Danzig
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 24th | Issues a directive to the Commanders in Chief of the Armed Forces to occupy Danzig |
| 1938 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 26th | Poland renews a non-aggression pact with the USSR to protect against a German invasion |
| 1938 | Legislation
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Dec 3rd | Jewish property is "legally" confiscated |
| 1938 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Dec 6th | Signs a declaration renouncing Germany's claim to Alsace-Lorraine |
| Dec 6th | Signs a declaration to hold talks on mutual relations |
| 1938 | Rule of Alsace Lorraine
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Dec 6th | Signs a declaration renouncing Germany's claim to Alsace-Lorraine |
| 1938 | Rule of Memel
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Dec 11th | National Socialists win 26 of 29 seats in the local assembly (Landtag) |
| 1938 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Dec 15th | Washington sends it's fourth note to Berlin demanding amnesty for Jews |
| 1939 | Capture of Germany
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Much of the western zone of Poland is administered by the civilian Government-Central |
| | Poland is captured in 18 days |
| 1939 | Capture of Memel
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Memel is captured, the chief port of Lithuania |
| 1939 | Capture of River Bug
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Poland is split between the Germans & the Russians along the River Bug |
| 1939 | Constitution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | The SD, the Gestapo, and the Criminal Police are unified under one office, the Reich Central Security Office RSHA, which is placed under Heydrich's control |
| 1939 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Sets up an independent Ruthenia rather than agree its annexation by Hungary |
| 1939 | Gestapo
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | The SD, the Gestapo, and the Criminal Police are unified under one office, the Reich Central Security Office RSHA, which is placed under Heydrich's control |
| 1939 | Massacre
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | The Polish Bolsheviks kill 58,000 German Nationals in the Danzig corridor In the months leading up to the German invasion the Polish Army and independent Bolshevik units had been slaughtering German nationals in the Danzig corridor |
| 1939 | Reich Central Security Office
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | The SD, the Gestapo, and the Criminal Police are unified under one office, the Reich Central Security Office RSHA, which is placed under Heydrich's control |
| 1939 | Rule of Polish Corridor
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | The Polish Corridor is incorporated into Germany |
| 1939 | Rule of Teschen
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Teschen in Poland is incorporated into Germany |
| 1939 | Sicherdienst
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | The SD, the Gestapo, and the Criminal Police are unified under one office, the Reich Central Security Office RSHA, which is placed under Heydrich's control |
| 1939 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan | Recieves the Czech Foreign Secretary Chvalkovsky & threatens the breakup of Czech |
| 1939 | Dismissal
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan | Schacht is dismissed as President of the Reichsbank |
| 1939 | Reform
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan | All women under 25 are required to do 1 year labour service |
| Jan 1st | Jews have to add the name Israel to their signature |
| 1939 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 30th | Makes a speech praising the Italian Government & its leader Mussolini |
| 1939 | Final Solution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 30th | Prior to the beginning of World War II, during a speech (the six year anniversary of his accession to power), Hitler foretold the coming Holocaust of European Jewry |
| 1939 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb 12th | The Slovak leader Tuka visits Hitler & "lays the future of my people in your hands" |
| 1939 | Rule of Danzig
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar | In preparation for war with Poland, in the spring of 1939 Hitler demands the annexation of the Free City of Danzig to Germany and extraterritorial rail access for Germany across the "Polish Corridor," the Polish frontier to East Prussia |
| 1939 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 6th | The Czech President Hacha dismisses the Ruthenian Government from office |
| Mar 10th | The Czech President Hacha dismisses the Slovak Government from office |
| 1939 | Invasion of Bohemia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 10th | The remainder of Czechoslovakia is occupied, 10-16 March |
| 1939 | Invasion of Czechoslovakia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 10th | Allied appeasement ends when Germany occupies the remainder of Czech, Bohemia-Moravia |
| 1939 | Independence
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 13th | Slovakia proclaims its independence |
| 1939 | Rule of Slovakia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 13th | Hitler advises Jozef Tiso to declare Slovakia's independence in order to prevent its partition by Hungary and Poland |
| 1939 | Capture of Ostrava
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 14th | German troops occupy Ostrava while Hacha visits Hitler in an attempt to save Czech |
| 1939 | Diplomacy
Hacha, Emil | |
| Mar 14th | Hacha is forced to sign a communique placing "Czech people in the hands of the Fuhrer" |
| 1939 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 14th | Hacha is forced to sign a communique placing "Czech people in the hands of the Fuhrer" |
| 1939 | Independence
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 14th | Visited by Tiso & Durcansky, Hitler demands the separation of Slovakia from Czech |
| 1939 | Invasion of Czechoslovakia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 14th | German troops occupy Ostrava while Hacha visits Hitler in an attempt to save Czech |
| Mar 14th | Hacha is forced to sign a communique placing "Czech people in the hands of the Fuhrer" |
| 1939 | Rule of Czechoslovakia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 14th | Visited by Tiso & Durcansky, Hitler demands the separation of Slovakia from Czech |
| 1939 | Rule of Slovakia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 14th | The Slovak provincial assembly proclaims independence; priest Jozef Tiso becomes the president of the independent Slovak Government |
| 1939 | Capture of Bohemia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 15th | Bohemia is taken under German protection |
| 1939 | Capture of Moravia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 15th | Moravia is taken under German protection |
| 1939 | Invasion of Czechoslovakia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 15th | German troops cross the Czech border |
| Mar 15th | German troops occupy the remaining part of Bohemia and Moravia; Czechoslovakia ceases to exist |
| Mar 15th | Hitler sleps in the Presidential Palace |
| 1939 | Rule of Bohemia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 15th | German troops occupy the remaining part of Bohemia and Moravia; Czechoslovakia ceases to exist |
| 1939 | Rule of Moravia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 15th | German troops occupy the remaining part of Bohemia and Moravia; Czechoslovakia ceases to exist |
| 1939 | Independence
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 16th | Slovakia proclaims independence & declares support for Nazi Germany |
| 1939 | Invasion of Czechoslovakia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 16th | Hitler proclaims a Proctecorate over Bohemia & Moravia |
| 1939 | Invasion of Ruthenia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 16th | Allows the Hungarians to capture Ruthenia & establish a border with Poland |
| 1939 | Invasion of Slovakia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 16th | Takes Slovakia under his protection in response to a telegram composed by Premier Tiso |
| 1939 | Rule of Bohemia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 16th | Hitler proclaims a Proctecorate over Bohemia & Moravia, Czech ceases to exist |
| 1939 | Rule of Czechoslovakia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 16th | Hitler proclaims a Proctecorate over Bohemia & Moravia, Czech ceases to exist |
| 1939 | Rule of Moravia
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 16th | Hitler proclaims a Proctecorate over Bohemia & Moravia, Czech ceases to exist |
| 1939 | Treaty of Protection
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 18th | A treaty between Germany & Slovakia to establish a German Protectorate is signed |
| Mar 18th | Approves the treaty of Protection in Vienna |
| Mar 18th | Contains a secret protocol giving Germany exclusive rights to exploit Slovakia |
| 1939 | Rule of Memel
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 22nd | Lithuanian military units begin withdrawing from Memel during the early morning hours - Lithuanian district governor Gailus turns power over to the Nazi dominated local assembly - 2 pm Lithuanian delegation arrives in Berlin for talks |
| Mar 22nd | The Lithuanian Government decides to return the Memel District to the Reich |
| Mar 23rd | Article 4 of the state treaty renounces the use of force between Germany and Lithuania, and pledges that neither would support a third country against the other signatory |
| Mar 23rd | Germany in in the treaty provides generous support for the economy needs of Lithuania and gave Lithuania the right to establish a Lithuanian Free Zone in the Memel harbor |
| Mar 23rd | Lithuanian Foreign Minister Urbsys signs the convention returning Memel to Germany at 1 am retroactive to March 22,1939 |
| Mar 23rd | The Kriegsmarine is deprived of a chance to launch a planned amphibious assault but was accorded the honor of delivering the Fueher to the city for a celebration of his last bloodless conquest |
| Mar 23rd | The treaty of 23 March affirms the return of the Memel District, which had been separated by the treaty of Versailles, to Germany |
| 1939 | Treaty of Protection
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 23rd | A treaty between Germany & Slovakia to establish a German Protectorate is signed |
| 1939 | Rule of Memel
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 24th | Adolf Hitler sails into the harbor at Memel at the head of a strong German naval force and spoke to the loyal people of the most remote German territory |
| Mar 30th | The Lithuanian parliament approves the convention returning Memel to Germany unanimously and without abstention |
| 1939 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Mar 31st | Britain and France guarantee Poland's defense (Anglo French Assurance Pact), a pact with Poland to come to their defense if Germany attacked |
| 1939 | Invasion of Poland
Hitler, Adolf | |
| April 3rd | Adolf Hitler orders the German military to start planning for Fall Weiss, the codename for the invasion of Poland |
| April 3rd | Issues "Case White", secret plans to be carried out from 1st September 1939 |
| 1939 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| April 28th | Hitler says all he requests from Poland is Danzig & the Polish Corridor |
| 1939 | Rule of Gdansk
Hitler, Adolf | |
| April 28th | Hitler says all he requests from Poland is Danzig & the Polish Corridor |
| 1939 | Rule of Polish Corridor
Hitler, Adolf | |
| April 28th | Hitler says all he requests from Poland is Danzig & the Polish Corridor |
| 1939 | Condor Legion
Hitler, Adolf | |
| June 6th | Takes the salute of the Condor Legion after their return from the Spanish Civil War |
| 1939 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Aug 11th | Summons the League of Nations High Commissioner & threatens to crush the Poles |
| Aug 11th | Summons the League of Nations High Commissioner & threatens to crush the Poles |
| Aug 20th | Hitler sends Stalin a telegram pressing for a pact |
| Aug 20th | It is anounced that Germany & Russia have concluded a commercial agreement |
| Aug 20th | Signs a trade agreement with Russia |
| 1939 | Nazi Soviet Pact
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Aug 20th | Cables Stalin accepting the draft for the pact & urges ratification of the treaty |
| 1939 | Invasion of Poland
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Aug 22nd | Announces a probable invasion of Poland on 26th August |
| 1939 | Mobilization
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Aug 22nd | Addresses generals saying that "Might is right" |
| 1939 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Aug 23rd | Japan renounces the Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany |
| 1939 | Nazi Soviet Pact
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Aug 23rd | Receives news from Stalin the Soviets will sign the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact |
| 1939 | Alliance
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Aug 24th | Signs the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact |
| 1939 | Nazi Soviet Pact
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Aug 24th | Russia & Germany will not attack each other for 10 yrs with an option for 5 more yrs |
| Aug 24th | Signs the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact |
| 1939 | Invasion of Poland
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Aug 31st | The SS broadcasts a provocative message from Gleiwitz radio station |
| Aug 31st | SS men dressed in Polish uniforms stage a border skirmish at Hochlinden |
| Aug 31st | The German forces for the invasion of Poland codename Fall Weiss are divided into Army Group North (German 3rd and 4th armies) and Army Group South (German 8th, 10th, and 14th armies), and the Slovakian Army Group Bernolak |
| 1939 | Operation Fall Weiss
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Aug 31st | The German forces for the invasion of Poland codename Fall Weiss are divided into Army Group North (German 3rd and 4th armies) and Army Group South (German 8th, 10th, and 14th armies), and the Slovakian Army Group Bernolak |
| 1939 | Rule of Danzig
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep | The Germans construct the Stutthof camp in a wooded area west of Stutthof, a town about 22 miles east of Danzig |
| 1939 | Invasion of Poland
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 1st | The invasion begins one week after the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, and ends October 6, 1939, with Germany and the Soviet Union occupying the entirety of Poland |
| 1939 | Rule of Poland
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 1st | The invasion begins one week after the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, and ends October 6, 1939, with Germany and the Soviet Union occupying the entirety of Poland |
| 1939 | Declaration of War
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 3rd | Poland's western allies, the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand declare war on Germany, soon followed by France, South Africa and Canada |
| 1939 | Invasion of Poland
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 3rd | The Polish airforce is destroyed |
| 1939 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 4th | Australia and New Zealand are at war with Germany |
| Sep 4th | Cordell Hull proclaims American neutrality |
| 1939 | Capture of Krakow
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 6th | The Germans capture Krakow |
| 1939 | Invasion of Poland
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 6th | Watches the destruction of a Polish Army Corps from a special train |
| 1939 | Invasion of Germany
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 7th | France crosses into the Saar but only advances a few miles |
| 1939 | Invasion of Poland
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 9th | The 4th Panzer Div launches the 1st attack on Warsaw |
| 1939 | Siege of Warsaw
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 9th | The 4th Panzer Div launches the 1st attack on Warsaw |
| 1939 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 10th | Canada declares war on Germany |
| 1939 | Invasion of West
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 12th | Informs his adjutant that he intends to invade te West as soon as Poland is captured |
| 1939 | Bombing of Warsaw
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 14th | Warsaw is heavilly bombed |
| Sep 15th | Artillery bombardment of a city is introduced for the 1st time against Warsaw |
| 1939 | Siege of Warsaw
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 15th | Warsaw is surrounded by German troops, Hitler orders it's bombardment |
| Sep 16th | The Poles refuse to surrender Warsaw |
| 1939 | Invasion of Poland
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 17th | Russian troops march into eastern Poland |
| Sep 17th | The Soviet Red Army invades the eastern regions of Poland in cooperation with Germany |
| 1939 | Capture of Danzig
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 19th | Refers to "Almighty God, who has now given our arms his blessing" |
| Sep 19th | Takes the march past in Danzig |
| 1939 | Invasion of Poland
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 19th | The Red Army & German troops join up at Brest-Litovsk |
| Sep 19th | Hitler triumphantly enters Danzig & offers concilliation with France & Britain |
| 1939 | Rule of Danzig
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 19th | Takes the march past in Danzig |
| 1939 | Decree
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 20th | Signs a secret decree legitimizing the murder of Germans deemed to be "incurably ill" |
| 1939 | Independence
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 21st | Germany & Russia declares that Poland no longer exists |
| 1939 | Invasion of Poland
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 21st | Hitler watches his troops cross the River San |
| 1939 | Capture of Lvov
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 22nd | Lvov is captured |
| 1939 | Capture of Warsaw
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 27th | Warsaw surrenders to the Germans |
| 1939 | Diplomacy
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 27th | Given Polish & Russian food & raw materials in exchange for RM1 billion military aid |
| 1939 | Invasion of France
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 27th | Hitler informs some of his commanders that he intends to invade France |
| 1939 | Partition
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 28th | Ribbentrop & Molotov meet & split Poland in 2 |
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