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Charles I History of England 1600 Birth Charles I  Nov 19th Birth of Charles I, son of James I of England & Queen Anne of Denmark 1604 Education Charles I   Leaves Scotland to live in England 1616 Investiture Charles I  Nov 4th Investiture as Prince of Wales at Westminster, the last investiture until 1911 1625 Siege of Cadiz Charles I   A naval bombardment of Cadiz ends in failure 1625 Taxation Charles I   Parliament grants tonnage & poundage for a year rather than life 1625 Coronation Charles I  Mar 27th Crowned King of England 1625 Marriage Charles I  May 1st Marries Henrietta Maria, daughter of the France's Henry IV 1625 Burial Charles I  May 5th Attends the burial of James I in state as the chief mourner at Westminster Abbey 1625 Parliament Charles I  June 18th Opens his 1st parliament 1625 Treaty of Hague, The Charles I  Dec 9th The Dutch & English to subsidize support for German Protestants 1626 Legislation Charles I   The Act of Revocation is passed in Scotland reforming ownership of Church lands 1626 Reform Charles I   The Act of Revocation is passed in Scotland reforming ownership of Church lands 1626 Parliament Charles I  Feb 6th Refuses to grant funds without redress of grievances 1626 Trial Charles I  Feb 23rd Begins the impeachment of the Duke of Buckingham 1627 Succession Charles I   2nd son of James I & Anne of Denmark, became heir when his brother Henry died in 1612   Succeeds as King of England 1628 Burial Charles I   Charles I buries the Buckingham in the Chapel of Henry VII, reserved for royalty 1629 Speech Charles I   Addresses Parliament for the 1st time but fails to raise funds for a war with Spain 1629 Arrest Charles I  Mar 5th Has 9 MPs arrested 1629 Parliament Charles I  Mar 5th Appoints Laud & Wentworth as advisers to rule without Parliament  Mar 10th Charles raises money by fines imposed by star Chamber & selling monopolies  Mar 10th Parliament does not open again for 11 yrs 1629 Capture of Quebec Charles I  Aug 9th Quebec is temporarily surrendered to the English 1633 Coronation Charles I  June 18th 1st time since early infancy that Charles has set foot in Scotland  June 18th Creates controversy because of the Papist ceremony using a Church of England service 1634 Reform Charles I   Raises "ship money" on the coastal counties   Tries to stop his 2nd Parliament debating taxation, outlawing Popery & Arminianism 1635 Taxation Charles I   Extends "ship money" to include inland counties 1636 Demonstrations Charles I   The reading of the English Prayer Book causes a riot in Scotland 1636 Prayer Book Charles I   Issues the Book of Canons reorganizing the Scottish Church along English lines   The Scottish Church is to use a Prayer Book written in England by English churchmen 1636 Rebellion Charles I   The General Assembly abolishes Charles I's reforms & re-establishes Presbyterianism 1636 Reform Charles I   Issues the Book of Canons reorganizing the Scottish Church along English lines 1637 Rebellion Charles I   Charles attempts to impose the Anglican Book of Common Prayer on the Scots   Scots of all classes show their open resistance by signing the National Covenant 1637 Reform Charles I   Enhances the Navy, the "Sovereign of the Seas" is constructed 1638 Constitution Charles I   Charles I concedes the Scottish right to free church assembly and a free parliament 1638 Episcopacy Charles I   A general assembly of the Scottish church abolishes the episcopacy 1638 National Covenant Charles I   The Scottish National Covenant is founded, "in defense of the true reformed religion" 1638 Pacification Berwick Charles I   Charles I concedes the Scottish right to free church assembly and a free parliament   The 1st Bishop's War ends without fighting by the Pacification of Berwick 1638 Rebellion Charles I   The Scots rebel against the Church worship which Charles designed for them   Parliament refuses money & Charles is defeated   The Scots rebel against the Church worship which Charles designed for them   The Scottish National Covenant is founded, "in defense of the true reformed religion"   Parliament refuses money & Charles is defeated  July Charles I advises his Privy Council he will have to use force against the Covenantors  Nov Agrees to a General Assembly of the Church of Scotland which meets at Glasgow  Nov Support for the Covenant grows under the leadership of Montrose & Argyll  Nov The Scots Church Assembly decideds that bishops should be deposed or excommunicated 1638 Assembly Charles I  Nov 24th Charles' commissioner try to close the Assembly but they are ignored 1638 Constitution Charles I  Nov 24th Charles' commissioner try to close the Assembly but they are ignored 1638 Episcopacy Charles I  Nov 24th The episcopacy is abolished 1639 Declaration of War Charles I   Starts after Charles tries to enforce the English Book of Common Prayer on the Scots 1639 Taxation Charles I   "Ship money" is illegally raised inland in time of peace, finances Charles' court 1639 Capture of Inverness Charles I  Feb The Covenantors capture Inverness 1639 Capture of Dumbarton Charles I  Mar 21st Dumbarton castle falls to the Covenanters 1639 Capture of Edinburgh Charles I  Mar 21st Edinburgh castle falls to the Covenanters 1639 Capture of Aberdeen Charles I  May 14th The Royalists briefly occupy Aberdeen 1639 Siege of Aberdeen Charles I  May 14th The Royalists capture Aberdeen 1639 Black Oath Charles I  May 21st The "black oath" requires all Scots in Ulster to take an oath to the King 1639 Rule of Ulster Charles I  May 21st The "black oath" requires all Scots in Ulster to take an oath to the King 1639 Treaty of Berwick Charles I  June 18th The treaty of Berwick ends the 1st Bishops War as Charles is forced to call a truce 1639 Battle of Dee Charles I  June 19th The Covenantors occupy Aberdeen 1639 Parliament Charles I  Aug 30th 1st day of Charles' 2nd Parliament in Scotland  Nov 14th Final day of Charles' 2nd Parliament in Scotland 1640 Constitution Charles I   A Triennial Act is passed, requiring that no more than three years should elapse between sessions of Parliament and the Dissolution Act which required the Long Parliament's consent to its own dissolution 1640 Invasion of England Charles I   Charles sees himself as the "Defender of the Faith"   The Scots invade with a crusade for presbyterianism 1640 Legislation Charles I   A Triennial Act is passed, requiring that no more than three years should elapse between sessions of Parliament and the Dissolution Act which required the Long Parliament's consent to its own dissolution 1640 Long Parliament Charles I   A Triennial Act is passed, requiring that no more than three years should elapse between sessions of Parliament and the Dissolution Act which required the Long Parliament's consent to its own dissolution 1640 Parliament Charles I   Charles's attempted offer to cease the levying of Ship Money does not impress the Members of Parliament   Parliament refuses to grant any money to Charles until its grievences are redressed 1640 Plot Charles I   Marie de'Medici & 600 others are entertained at court, fears of a Catholic plot 1640 Treaty of Covenanters Charles I   Forced to sign a humiliating treaty with the Scottish "covenanters"   The Scottish Covenanters resist Charles' attempts to impose a high Church 1640 Triennial Act Charles I   A Triennial Act is passed, requiring that no more than three years should elapse between sessions of Parliament and the Dissolution Act which required the Long Parliament's consent to its own dissolution 1640 Parliament Charles I  April After 11 years of attempting personal rule, Charles recalls Parliament under the advice of Lord Wentworth, recently created Earl of Strafford  April Charles I opens the "Short Parliament", to finance the war  April Opens Parliament to finance the war  April 13th Calls the 1st Parliament in 10 yrs to raise œ300,000 to fight the Scots Covenantors  April 17th John Pym makes his long speech expressing the refusal of the House of Commons to vote subsidies without a reduction of royal abuse  May Dissolves Parliament after it refuses to finance the war  May 4th Dissolves Parliament after failing to raise extra finances, after just 3 weeks  June 2nd 1st day, 2nd session, of Charles' 2nd Parliament in Scotland 1640 Constitution Charles I  June 11th Scotland declares its votes can become acts without the King's assent 1640 Parliament Charles I  June 11th Final day, 2nd session, of Charles' 2nd Parliament in Scotland  June 11th Scotland declares its votes can become acts without the King's assent 1640 Rule of Scotland Charles I  June 11th Scotland declares its votes can become acts without the King's assent 1640 Parliament Charles I  July 15th 1st day, 3rd session, of Charles' 2nd Parliament in Scotland 1640 Invasion of England Charles I  Aug 20th Charles I leaves London for the north 1640 Battle of Newburn Charles I  Aug 28th Covenantor victory against Charles I at the battle of Newburn  Aug 28th The only battle of the Second Bishops' War  Aug 28th Two days after the battle the city of Newcastle is surrendered to the Scots 1640 Capture of Newcastle Charles I  Aug 30th The Covenantors capture Newcastle 1640 Siege of Durham Charles I  Sep The Covenantors lay Siege to Durham after the victory at Newburn 1640 Assembly Charles I  Sep 24th Calls an Assembly of Notables, lay & clerical 1640 Council of York Charles I  Sep 24th Charles I calls the Great Council to York 1640 Demonstrations Charles I  Oct There are demonstrations in the City of London for Charles to open Parliament 1640 Rule of Durham Charles I  Oct 16th Under the terms of the treaty of Ripon Scotland is awarded Durham 1640 Rule of Northumberland Charles I  Oct 16th Under the treaty of Ripon the Scots are to keep Northumberland 1640 Treaty of Ripon Charles I  Oct 16th The Scots keep Northumberland & Durham  Oct 16th The Scots will be paid œ850 per day until an English Parliament resolves final terms 1640 Rule of Durham Charles I  Oct 26th The treaty of Ripon allows the Scots to keep control of Northumberland and Durham 1640 Rule of Northumberland Charles I  Oct 26th The treaty of Ripon allows the Scots to keep control of Northumberland and Durham 1640 Treaty of Ripon Charles I  Oct 26th The 2nd treaty of Ripon ends the 2nd Bishop's War  Oct 26th Ends the Second Bishop's War between Charles I & the Scots  Oct 26th The treaty of Ripon allows the Scots to keep control of Northumberland and Durham 1640 Invasion of England Charles I  Nov The Scots advance as far as Durham 1640 Chamber Charles I  Nov 3rd The Long Parliament abolishes the Star Chamber 1640 Constitution Charles I  Nov 3rd The Long Parliament votes that Parliament cannot be dissolved without its consent 1640 Long Parliament Charles I  Nov 3rd Name of the English Parliament called by Charles I following the Bishops' Wars  Nov 3rd Receives its name from the fact that through a unique Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and at the end of Interregnum 1660  Nov 3rd The sole reason Charles I assembled Parliament was to ask it to pass finance bills, since the Bishops' Wars had bankrupted him  Nov 3rd Opens the "Long Parliament" to pay his army & the Scots after the treaty of Ripon 1640 Parliament Charles I  Nov 3rd 5th & last Parliament  Nov 3rd Opened to maintain his army in the nth because a Scottish army had reached Durham  Nov 3rd Charles recalls Parliament which refuses to fund his war against the Scots  Nov 3rd Opens the "Long Parliament" to pay his army & the Scots after the treaty of Ripon  Nov 3rd Parliamentary demands lead ultimately to the English Civil War 1640 Reform Charles I  Nov 3rd The Long Parliament declares extra Parliamentary taxation illegal 1640 Treaty of Ripon Charles I  Nov 3rd Under the terms of the treaty Charles opens Parliament  Nov 3rd Opens the "Long Parliament" to pay his army & the Scots after the treaty of Ripon 1640 Petition Charles I  Dec 11th The Root & Branch petition 1641 Battle of Newburn Charles I   Scottish Bishops occupy Newcastle & 6 northern counties after the battle of Newburn 1641 Capture of Newcastle Charles I   Scottish Bishops occupy Newcastle & 6 northern counties after the battle of Newburn 1641 Constitution Charles I   The Long Parliament enacts Legislation depriving Charles I of the powers that he had assumed since his accession, tthe reforms are designed to negate the possibility of Charles ruling absolutely again 1641 Dismissal Charles I   Dismisses Henry Vane as Secretary of State, leader of the opposition in Parliament 1641 Legislation Charles I   Passes an Act abolishing Star Chamber 1641 Long Parliament Charles I   The Long Parliament enacts Legislation depriving Charles I of the powers that he had assumed since his accession, tthe reforms are designed to negate the possibility of Charles ruling absolutely again   The Long Parliament frees those imprisoned by the Star Chamber 1641 Reform Charles I   Commands that the neglected Common Prayer be read throughout England   Passes an Act abolishing Ship Money   Passes an Act abolishing Star Chamber   Passes an Act which abolishes the High Commission   The Long Parliament enacts Legislation depriving Charles I of the powers that he had assumed since his accession, tthe reforms are designed to negate the possibility of Charles ruling absolutely again 1641 Siege of Newcastle Charles I   Scottish Bishops occupy Newcastle & 6 northern counties after the battle of Newburn 1641 Star Chamber Charles I   The Long Parliament frees those imprisoned by the Star Chamber 1641 Constitution Charles I  Feb 16th Provides for minimum 50 day sessions of Parliament which must be called every 3 yrs  Feb 16th Signs the Triennial Act, Parliament must meet every 3 yrs 1641 Legislation Charles I  Feb 16th Charles I signsTriennial Act, which requires Parliament to meet every three years with or without the King's consent  Feb 16th Signs the Triennial Act, Parliament must meet every 3 yrs 1641 Reform Charles I  Feb 16th Provides for minimum 50 day sessions of Parliament which must be called every 3 yrs 1641 Trial Charles I  Mar 22nd Attends the trial of Strafford, his ablest Minister 1641 Parliament Charles I  April 6th A resolution compels the King to make no military move without Parliament's consent 1641 Constitution Charles I  May The Triennial Act permits Parliament to assemble every 3 yrs without royal initiative 1641 Trial Charles I  May 8th Assents to the bill of attainder against Strafford 1641 Execution Charles I  May 10th Signs the Act of Attainder against Strafford 1641 Constitution Charles I  May 11th Parliament cannot be dissolved against its will 1641 Execution Charles I  May 11th Sends the Prince of Wales to the House of Lords to plead mercy for Strafford  May 12th Strafford is executed for treason 1641 Chamber Charles I  July 5th The Long Parliament abolishes the Star Chamber 1641 Court Charles I  July 5th The High Court of Charles I is abolished by the Long Parliament 1641 Star Chamber Charles I  July 5th The Long Parliament abolishes the Star Chamber 1641 Constitution Charles I  Aug Forced to grant the Scottish Parliament stronger controls than Westminster 1641 Economy Charles I  Aug 7th Ship Money is abolished by the Long Parliament 1641 Parliament Charles I  Aug 7th Ship Money is abolished by the Long Parliament 1641 Taxation Charles I  Aug 7th Ship Money is abolished by the Long Parliament 1641 Alliance Charles I  Aug 10th Arrives in Scotland to form an Alliance against Parliament 1641 Rebellion Charles I  Oct 23rd Irish Catholics rebel against the Puritan Parliament in England 1641 Grand Remonstrance Charles I  Oct 28th News of Pym's Grand Remonstrance against the King reaches Charles I 1641 Rebellion Charles I  Nov A rebellion breaks out in Ulster 1641 Grand Remonstrance Charles I  Nov 22nd The Grand Remonstrance lists over 150 perceived "misdeeds" of Charles' reign including the Church (under the influence of foreign papists) and royal advisers (also "have[ing] engaged themselves to further the interests of some foreign powers")  Nov 22nd The Irish Rebellion in October 1641 brinngs the control of the army back into the discussions between King and Parliament, led by John Pym, Parliament presents the King with the Grand Remonstrance passed in the Commons by 11 votes (159 - 148)  Nov 22nd The second half of the Remonstrance proposes solutions to the "misdeeds" including church reform and Parliamentary influence over the appointment of royal ministers 1641 Long Parliament Charles I  Nov 22nd The second half of the Remonstrance proposes solutions to the "misdeeds" including church reform and Parliamentary influence over the appointment of royal ministers  Nov 22nd The Grand Remonstrance lists over 150 perceived "misdeeds" of Charles' reign including the Church (under the influence of foreign papists) and royal advisers (also "have[ing] engaged themselves to further the interests of some foreign powers") 1641 Rebellion Charles I  Nov 22nd The Irish Rebellion in October 1641 brinngs the control of the army back into the discussions between King and Parliament, led by John Pym, Parliament presents the King with the Grand Remonstrance passed in the Commons by 11 votes (159 - 148) 1641 Grand Remonstrance Charles I  Nov 23rd The Grand Remonstrance is passed in Parliament by 11 votes  Nov 25th Sir Ralph Hopton presents Charles I with the Grand Remonstrance 1641 Constitution Charles I  Nov 27th Charles I must accept the Grand Remonstrance and allow circulation of its copies, a document that outlines the crimes that officials had accused Charles of committing during his reign 1641 Grand Remonstrance Charles I  Nov 27th A "grand remonstrance" is carried by Parliament, listing the King's misdeeds  Nov 27th Charles I must accept the Grand Remonstrance and allow circulation of its copies, a document that outlines the crimes that officials had accused Charles of committing during his reign 1641 Demonstrations Charles I  Dec Demonstrations occur against the King, "roundheads" & "cavaliers" 1641 Election Charles I  Dec Returns a majority for Parliament in the common council 1641 Grand Remonstrance Charles I  Dec The King believes Puritans encouraged by 5 members of the House of Commons, John Pym, John Hampden, Denzil Holles, Arthur Haselrig and William Strode along & Lord Mandeville encouraged the Scots to invade England in the Bishops' Wars  Dec The King rejects the Grand Remonstrance and refuses to give royal assent to the Militia Bill  Dec When rumours reached the court that there was a plan to impeach the Queen for alleged involvement in Catholic plots Charles decides to arrest John Pym, John Hampden, Denzil Holles, Arthur Haselrig and William Strode & Lord Maitland for treason 1641 Lieutenant Charles I  Dec Appoints Lunsford Lieutenant of the Tower but forced to cancel this by the City  Dec Forced by the City to appoint John Byron as Lieutenant of the Tower 1641 Long Parliament Charles I  Dec Parliament asserts that it wants control over the appointment of the commanders of the Army and Navy in the Militia Ordinance 1641 Grand Remonstrance Charles I  Dec 1st Receives a deputation from Parliament delivering the Grand Remonstrance  Dec 2nd Continues policy of not dealing directly with the Grand Remonstrance 1641 Parliament Charles I  Dec 2nd Continues policy of not dealing directly with the Grand Remonstrance 1641 Reform Charles I  Dec 2nd Visits Parliament & consents to the Tonnage & Poundage Bill 1641 Rebellion Charles I  Dec 12th Enters the House of Lords & demands supplies to protect his subjects  Dec 12th Enters the Lords & demands supplies to protect subjects who are being defeated 1642 Alliance Charles I   Charles' navy defects to Parliament 1642 Constitution Charles I   Rejects the 19 Propositions from "raisers of sedition & enemies to my sovereign power" 1642 Defection Charles I   Charles' navy defects to Parliament 1642 Mobilization Charles I   Sets up a Royal Court, Charles wishes to launch a campaign from the nth & enter London 1642 Propositions 19 Charles I   Rejects the 19 Propositions from "raisers of sedition & enemies to my sovereign power" 1642 Rebellion Charles I   Offers to lead the Protestants but it is believed Charles will support the Catholics 1642 Siege of London Charles I   Sets up a Royal Court, Charles wishes to launch a campaign from the nth & enter London 1642 Constitution Charles I  Jan With the King absent from London and the war clouds gathering, Parliament decrees that its own Parliamentary Ordinances are valid laws without royal assent 1642 Long Parliament Charles I  Jan Without its royalist members, the Long Parliament continues to sit during the Civil War and beyond because of the Dissolution Act  Jan With the King absent from London and the war clouds gathering, Parliament decrees that its own Parliamentary Ordinances are valid laws without royal assent 1642 Parliament Charles I  Jan With the King absent from London and the war clouds gathering, Parliament decrees that its own Parliamentary Ordinances are valid laws without royal assent 1642 Arrest Charles I  Jan 4th Enters Parliament to arrest 5 MP's for treason who find refuge in the City of London  Jan 4th Says of Pym, Holles, Hampden, Haselrig & Strode, "the birds have flown" 1642 Long Parliament Charles I  Jan 4th After his failure to capture the five members, and fearing for his family's lives, Charles leaves London for Oxford,most of the royalist members of Parliament left to join him there where they form the Oxford Parliament 1642 Oxford Parliament Charles I  Jan 4th After his failure to capture the five members, and fearing for his family's lives, Charles leaves London for Oxford,most of the royalist members of Parliament left to join him there where they form the Oxford Parliament 1642 Safety Royal Familly Charles I  Jan 10th The Royal familly move from Whitehall to Hampton Court  Jan 12th The Royal familly move from Hampton Court to Windsor Castle 1642 Concilliation Charles I  Jan 13th Sends a concilliatory message to both Houses of Parliament  Jan 20th Sends a concilliatory message to both Houses of Parliament 1642 Exile Charles I  Feb 7th Announces intention to send his wife & daughter to Holland 1642 Rebellion Charles I  Feb 7th Agrees to pardon the 5 MP's 1642 Constitution Charles I  Feb 13th Assents to a Bill excluding Bishops from the House of Lords 1642 Reform Charles I  Feb 27th Refuses to lose control of the Army to Parliament & vetoes the Militia Bill 1642 Legislation Charles I  Mar Signs the Act of March barring bishops from the House of Lords & temporal employment 1642 Reform Charles I  Mar Signs the Act of March barring bishops from the House of Lords & temporal employment  Mar 3rd Parliament passes an Ordinance to control the Army 1642 Commissions of Array Charles I  April In response to the Militia Ordinance, Charles revives the Commissions of Array as a means of summoning an army instead 1642 Siege of Hull Charles I  April 23rd Hull can be a an important garrison town  April 23rd Hull can be a strategic port for support from Charles IV of Denmark  April 23rd Leaves York to visit the Governor of Hull  April 24th Refused access to the garrison of Hull despite the presence of the Prince of Wales 1642 Reform Charles I  May 12th Orders the transfer of the Law Courts to the north of England  May 17th Parliament declares the King's request to have the Law Courts transferred as illegal 1642 Declaration of War Charles I  May 27th Parliament declares the King is making war after Charles moves the Great Seal to York 1642 Commission Charles I  June Issues a Commission of Array to Lord Lieutenants throughout the Kingdom, call to arms 1642 Mobilization Charles I  June Issues a Commission of Array to Lord Lieutenants throughout the Kingdom, call to arms 1642 Constitution Charles I  June 1st The Houses of Parliament agree the 19 Propositions to rule without the King 1642 Propositions 19 Charles I  June 1st The Houses of Parliament agree the 19 Propositions to rule without the King 1642 Peace Charles I  Aug Parliament wants Charles to lower his standard & withdraws accusations of treason  Aug Suffers a defeat outside Coventry & calls for peace negotiations 1642 Dismissal Charles I  Aug 8th Commissioners from Parliament discuss Charles' entry into Hull & he dismisses them 1642 Siege of Hull Charles I  Aug 8th Commissioners from Parliament discuss Charles' entry into Hull & he dismisses them 1642 Declaration of War Charles I  Aug 9th Accuses all those in Parliament of being traitors  Aug 9th Declares war, "for suppressing the present rebellion"  Aug 22nd Declares war on Parliament, raises the Royal Standard at Nottingham  Aug 22nd Raises the standard of war at Nottingham Castle, anniversary of the battle of Bosworth 1642 Mobilization Charles I  Aug 22nd Arrives at Nottingham on the way to London, prior to the battle of Edgehill 1642 Declaration of War Charles I  Sep 6th The Royal Standard blows down & a more modern flag has to be put up in its place 1642 Battle of Newbury Charles I  Sep 20th Fights an inconclusive battle then returns to Oxford  Sep 20th Retreats from Gloucester to Newbury in the face of Essex's advance 1642 Battle of Powick Bridge Charles I  Sep 23rd The Royalists draw 1st blood in the civil war 1642 Siege of London Charles I  Oct Begins to march on London 1642 Siege of Oxford Charles I  Oct Oxford is occupied by the Parliamentarians 1642 Mobilization Charles I  Oct 12th Arrives at Edgecote on the way to London, prior to the battle of Edgehill  Oct 12th Arrives at Shrewsbury on the way to London, prior to the battle of Edgehill  Oct 12th Plans to set up an HQ to recruit the Welsh & Irish 1642 Council of War Charles I  Oct 22nd It is decided to capture Banbury the following day & after that to push on to Oxford 1642 Battle of Edgehill Charles I  Oct 23rd After the battle Charles sets up his military HQ at Oxford  Oct 23rd Charles I opens the road to London  Oct 23rd Charles is forced to keep his HQ at Oxford until the end of the war  Oct 23rd The battle ends in stalemate, both sides lose about 1,500 1642 Capture of Banbury Charles I  Oct 27th The Royalists capture Banbury 1642 Capture of Oxford Charles I  Oct 29th Makes Oxford the Royalist HQ  Oct 29th The Royalists capture Oxford 1642 Capture of Reading Charles I  Oct 29th The Royalists capture Reading 1642 Siege of London Charles I  Oct 29th The Royalists prepares to march on London  Oct 29th Charles gathers an army of 10,000 & support from Prince Rupert of the Rhine 1642 Battle of Turnham Green Charles I  Nov Charles I is turned back at Turnham Green on his way to London, forced back to Reading 1642 Siege of London Charles I  Nov Charles I is turned back at Turnham Green on his way to London, forced back to Reading 1642 Capture of Reading Charles I  Nov 4th Reaches Reading while Essex is at Woburn in Bedfordshire 1642 Siege of London Charles I  Nov 4th Reaches Reading while Essex is at Woburn in Bedfordshire 1642 Siege of Reading Charles I  Nov 4th Reaches Reading while Essex is at Woburn in Bedfordshire 1642 Siege of London Charles I  Nov 11th Gives orders to attack Brentford before advancing further on London 1642 Battle of Brentford Charles I  Nov 12th Essex is reinforced by 20,000 militia & forces Charles I back to Oxford 1643 Capture of Reading Charles I   The Royalist Reading garrison is handed over to the Roundheads 1643 Peace Charles I  Jan Rejects proposals drawn up by the Lords & Parliament after the battle of Edgehill 1643 Siege of Gloucester Charles I  Sep 6th Fails to capture Gloucester 1643 Rebellion Charles I  Sep 15th Signs a truce with the Irish rebels to free his troops for service in England 1644 Capture of Donnington Charles I   Captures Donnington Castle north west of Newbury 1644 Invasion of Ireland Charles I   Makes peace with the Irish Confederation   Withdraws his troops from Ireland & recruits Irish reinforcements 1644 Capture of Leicester Charles I  June 1st Leicester is sacked by Charles I & Prince Rupert 1644 Battle of Aberdeen Charles I  June 19th Montrose expels the Covenentors from Aberdeen  June 19th The battle of Aberdeen is an engagement in the Scottish Civil War between Royalist & Covenanter forces outside the city of Aberdeen 1644 Parliament Charles I  June 22nd Opens his own Parliament in Christ Church Hall  June 22nd The new Parliament includes 100 members of the Commons & 30 peers 1644 Battle of Marston Moor Charles I  July 2nd 4,000 Royalists are killed & 1,500 taken prisoner  July 2nd Royalist defeat near York which loses Charles' stronghold in the nth 1644 Capture of York Charles I  July 16th Parliament captures York 1644 Siege of York Charles I  July 16th Parliament captures York 1644 Battle of Lostwithiel Charles I  Sep 2nd After their victory the Royalists are in a position to march on London  Sep 2nd The Royalists defeat Essex & capture 8,000 infantry 1644 Siege of London Charles I  Sep 2nd After victory at Lostwithiel the Royalists are in a position to march on London 1644 Battle of Banbury Charles I  Oct 27th Manages to avoid capture & defeat, returns to Donnington Castle  Oct 27th The battle is inconclusive & Charles retreats to Oxford  Oct 27th With 10,000 men faces Cromwell with 22,000 1645 Siege of Oxford Charles I   Cromwell prevents Charles joining forces with Prince Maurice & Prince Rupert 1645 Peace Charles I  Jan Signs a brief truce but breaks it when he refuses to accede to Parliament's terms 1645 Treaty of Uxbridge Charles I  Jan Signs a brief truce but breaks it when he refuses to accede to Parliament's terms 1645 Battle of Stow on the Wold Charles I  Mar 26th Charles' final field force is crushed  Mar 26th Charles I surrenders to the Scots rather than to Parliament 1645 Surrender Charles I  Mar 26th Charles I surrenders to the Scots rather than to Parliament 1645 Self Denying Ordinance Charles I  April 3rd A modified Self-Denying Ordinance is passed by the Lords. 1645 Alliance Charles I  April 27th Leaves to Royalist stronghold of Oxford to negotiate with the Scots 1645 Siege of Leicester Charles I  May Charels I captures Leicester waiting for Goring & Gerard to join forces with him  May Charles I sacks Leicester, followed by his defeat at Naseby 1645 Mobilization Charles I  May 11th Reaches Droitwich & leaves it 14th May 1645 Siege of Chester Charles I  May 14th Reaches Market Drayton & recieves news that Brereton has raised the Siege of Chester  May 14th Reaches Market Drayton & recieves news that Brereton has raised the Siege of Chester 1645 Council of War Charles I  May 19th Charles decides to send Goring sth west while he & Rupert head nth 1645 Capture of Leicester Charles I  June 1st With the help of Prince Rupert captures & sacks Leicester 1645 Mobilization Charles I  June 7th Charles reaches Daventry where he learns that Oxford is no longer under siege 1645 Battle of Naseby Charles I  June 13th Stands on high ground on East Farndon over Great Oxendon, 2 miles sth of Harborough 1645 Mobilization Charles I  June 13th Charles avoids battle by marching from Borough Hill to Belvoit Castle 1645 Battle of Naseby Charles I  June 14th Decisive victory for Parliamentary forces  June 14th The 1st Civil War lingers for another year until capitulation at Oxford 1 year later 1645 Council of War Charles I  June 14th Calls a Council of War & decides to fight against Fairfax sth of Market Harborough 1646 Peace Charles I   Rejects the Newcastle Proposals to take the Covenant & Parliament control the militia 1646 Battle of Stow on the Wold Charles I  Mar 14th All that remains are garrisons in Oxford, Newark, Pendennis, Exeter & Raglan  Mar 14th Charles writes to his Queen that he has not enough forces to resist or escape 1646 Peace Charles I  April 22nd Offers peace to the Independents  April 22nd Will disband his forces if he can live as a King & have a few friends in service 1646 Arrest Charles I  April 27th Leaves Oxford to surrender himself to the Scots at Newark 1646 Escape Charles I Charles I  April 27th Departs from Oxford in disguise 1646 Surrender Charles I  April 27th Charles's supporters believe he is heading for London but he surrenders to the Scots  April 27th Slips out of Oxford in disguise 1646 Battle of Newark Charles I  May Charles surrenders to the Scots 1646 Surrender Charles I  May 5th Surrenders to the Scots at Newark after defeat at Stowe-on-the-Wold 1646 Siege of Newark Charles I  May 8th Newark is surrendered to the Scots 1646 Invasion of Scotland Charles I  May 31st Montrose receives a letter from Charles I asking him to withdraw from Scotland 1646 Siege of Oxford Charles I  June 24th Oxford is surrendered to Parliament, only Pendennis, Raglan & Harlech remain 1646 Siege of Raglan Charles I  Aug 19th Raglan is surrendered to Parliament, ends military operations of the 1st civil war 1647 Diplomacy Charles I   Offers to repeal all the penal laws if the Vatican assists him to victory 1647 Peace Charles I   Offers a seperate peace with the Independents in Parliament but they do not respond 1647 Arrest Charles I  Jan 30th Parliament pays a œ400,000 ransom to Charles' Scottish captors 1647 Peerage Charles I  Mar 14th Makes the Earl of Glamorgan Duke of Somerset 1647 Alliance Charles I  April 2nd Sends Montreuil to Newark to prepare the Scots for his reception 1647 Peace Charles I  April 2nd The French send Montreuil to Scotland to negotiate peace with the Covenanters 1647 Arrest Charles I  April 13th Princess Henrietta is surrendered to Parliament 1647 Surrender Charles I  April 13th John Berkley surrenders & ends the war in the west  April 13th John Berkley surrenders & surrenders Princes Henrietta to Parliament 1647 Arrest Charles I  June 4th Taken prisoner by the Army from Holmby House in Northamptonshire 1647 Exile Charles I  Nov 11th Hosted by the Governor of Carisbrooke Castle  Nov 11th Escapes to the Isle of Wight 1647 Alliance Charles I  Dec 26th Promises to impose Presbyterianism for 3 yrs to gain Scottish support  Dec 26th Signs a secret treaty at the Isle of Wight with the Scots  Dec 26th The Scots promise to restore Charles if he restores Presbyterianism 1647 Rebellion Charles I  Dec 26th Parliament renounces its allegiance to the King 1647 Restoration Charles I  Dec 26th Promises to impose Presbyterianism for 3 yrs to gain Scottish military support 1648 Diplomacy Charles I   Parliament discovers Charles' secret negotiations with Scotland 1648 Parliament Charles I  Jan 15th Following his treaty with the Scots Parliament renounces allegiance to Charles I 1648 Treaty of Scotland Charles I  Jan 15th Following his treaty with the Scots Parliament renounces allegiance to Charles I 1648 Rump Parliament Charles I  Dec In the wake of the ejections from the Long Parliament, the remnant, the Rump Parliament, arranges for the trial and execution of Charles I 1648 Arrest Charles I  Dec 1st The Army siezes Charles I 1648 Trial Charles I  Dec 13th The "Rump Parliament" of 60 members votes that Charles be brought to trial  Jan 20th Charles I goes on trial for treason  Jan 21st Charles I goes on trial, he refuses to plead  Jan 26th Sentenced to death as a "tyrant, traitor & murderer" 1649 Death Charles I  Jan 30th Says to Bishop Juxon, "I go from a corruptible crown to an uncorruptible crown"  Jan 30th Walks from St James Palace to his execution at Whitehall 1649 Execution Charles I  Jan 30th Says to Bishop Juxon, "I go from a corruptible crown to an uncorruptible crown"  Jan 30th Walks from St James Palace to his execution at Whitehall 1649 Succession Charles I  Jan 30th 1st day of the Interregnum, rule without monarchy  Jan 30th The interregnum lasts until 1660, ended by the accession of Charles I 1649 Burial Charles I  Feb 9th Permission was refused for his burial in the Henry VII Chapel in Westminster Abbey 1668 Triple Alliance Charles I  Jan 23rd England, Holland & Sweden ally against France's ambitions in the Spanish Netherlands

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