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Index of Years 0722 Siege of Taunton Ine   Taunton is destroyed by Ine's Queen, Athelburh, in a failed attempt to find Ealdbert 0725 Death Ine   Death of Ealdbert, Ine kills Ealdbert & ends the civil war 0761 Battle of Adwinescliffe Aethelwald  Aug 9th Defeats Oswin for the throne of Northumbria 0798 Battle of Billington Moor Eardwulf  May Defeats supporters of Osbald 1387 Battle of Didcot Bridge Beauchamp, Thomas de   Fights at Didcot Bridge against Richard II 1387 Battle of Waltham Cross Beauchamp, Thomas de  Nov 14th Fights at Waltham Cross against Richard II 1392 Capture of London Richard II   The Mayor & sheriffs are removed, liberties are restored on payment of œ10,000 1550 Treaty of Breda Charles II  May 1st Agrees to the Covenant in Scotland & to impose Presbyterianism in England  May 1st Signs the treaty of Breda  June 23rd Affirms the treaty of Breda agreeing to the Covenant in Scotland 1567 Aid to Mary Queen of Scots Elizabeth I  Dec 16th Mary seeks aid from Elizabeth & France 1567 Alliance Elizabeth I  Dec 16th Elizabeth supports Mary if France does not intervene 1569 Alliance Raliegh, Walter   Fights in support of the Hugenots 1572 Siege of Edinburgh Elizabeth I   Sends support to James VI in the siege against the last bastion for Queen Mary 1640 Impeachment Wentworth, Thomas  Nov 11th Strafford is impeached 1640 Arrest Wentworth, Thomas  Dec Imprisoned in the Tower of London after being impeached by the Long Parliament 1640 Petition Charles I  Dec 11th The Root & Branch petition 1641 Impeachment Wentworth, Thomas  Jan 30th Strafford's impeachment papers are sent to the Lords 1641 Trial Charles I  Mar 22nd Attends the trial of Strafford, his ablest Minister 1641 Trial Wentworth, Thomas  Mar 22nd Beginning of Strafford's trial  Mar 22nd The King's ablest Minister is impeached for treason by the Long Parliament 1641 Trial Charles I  May 8th Assents to the bill of attainder against Strafford 1641 Trial Wentworth, Thomas  May 8th The Lords pass a bill of attainder against Strafford 1641 Execution Charles I  May 11th Sends the Prince of Wales to the House of Lords to plead mercy for Strafford 1641 Death Evelyn, John  May 12th Witnesses the execution of Strafford, "the wisest head in England" 1641 Death Wentworth, Thomas  May 12th Death of Thomas Wentworth 1641 Execution Charles I  May 12th Strafford is executed for treason 1641 Execution Evelyn, John  May 12th Witnesses the execution of Strafford, "the wisest head in England" 1641 Execution Wentworth, Thomas  May 12th Strafford is executed for treason for trying to use force against Parliament 1642 Alliance Charles I   Charles' navy defects to Parliament 1642 Arrest Gardiner, Thomas   Imprisoned in the Tower for supporting the levying of ship money 1642 Arrest Hopton   Imprisoned in the Tower for opposing Parliament's Ordinance to control of the Army 1642 Capture of Dorset Earl, Walter   Earl & Trenchard capture almost all of Dorset for Parliament 1642 Capture of Dorset Trenchard, Thomas   Earl & Trenchard capture almost all of Dorset for Parliament 1642 Capture of Pontefract Cavendish, William   Captures Pontefract Castle 1642 Commander Fairfax, Thomas   Appointed Commander of the Cavalry in Yorkshire 1642 Commander Montagu, Edward   Commands a regiment in the army of Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex 1642 Commander Pennington, John   Appointed Commander of the Fleet by Charles I 1642 Commander Wentworth, Thomas   Appointed Commander of the Royalist Cavalry 1642 Commander Willoughby   Appointed Parliamentary Commander in the Field 1642 Commissar Wilmot, Harry   Appointed Commissary General of Charles I's forces 1642 Committee Safety Vane, Henry   Appointed Member of the Committee of Lords & Commons fo the Safety of the Kingdom 1642 Defection Charles I   Charles' navy defects to Parliament 1642 General Bertie, Robert   Appointed General-in-Chief of Charles I's forces, only recognised by the infantry 1642 Invasion of Yorkshire Cavendish, William   Leads the Royalist invasion of Yorkshire 1642 Ironsides Cromwell, Oliver   Combines strict discipline & religious enthusiasm   Forms the Ironsides Regiment after the Battle of Edgehill 1642 Lord Chief Justice Heath, Robert   Appointed Lord Chief Justice by Charles I 1642 Mobilization Charles I   Sets up a Royal Court, Charles wishes to launch a campaign from the nth & enter London 1642 Mobilization Devereux, Robert   Concentrates his forces in Northampton & raises an army of 20,000 1642 Rear Admiral Carteret, George   Appointed Rear-Admiral of the Fleet, a Parliamentarian 1642 Rebellion Charles I   Offers to lead the Protestants but it is believed Charles will support the Catholics 1642 Rebellion Cromwell, Oliver   Reports in Parliament the dangers of a Papist rising led by the Marquis of Worcester 1642 Sargeant Astley, Jacob   Appointed Sargeant-Major-General for the Royalists 1642 Siege of King's Coll Cromwell, Oliver   Leads an army into Kings College Cambridge & siezes plate worth œ20,000 1642 Siege of London Charles I   Sets up a Royal Court, Charles wishes to launch a campaign from the nth & enter London 1642 Siege of Tower of London Pym, John   Prevents the King from controlling the Tower by using Parliamentary guards 1642 Parliament Pym, John  Jan 1st For reasons of safety Parliament goes into Committee in the Guildhall 1642 Arrest Charles I  Jan 4th Enters Parliament to arrest 5 MP's for treason who find refuge in the City of London  Jan 4th Says of Pym, Holles, Hampden, Haselrig & Strode, "the birds have flown" 1642 Arrest Hampden, John  Jan 4th Charles I enters Parliament & says, "the birds have flown" 1642 Arrest Haselrig, Arthur  Jan 4th Charles I enters Parliament & says, "the birds have flown" 1642 Arrest Holles, Denzil  Jan 4th Charles I enters Parliament & says, "the birds have flown" 1642 Arrest Pym, John  Jan 4th Charles I enters Parliament & says, "the birds have flown" 1642 Arrest Strode, William  Jan 4th Charles I enters Parliament & says, "the birds have flown" 1642 Committee Safety Pym, John  Jan 7th Appointed Member of the Committee of Lords & Commons fo the Safety of the Kingdom 1642 Commander Skippon  Jan 10th Appointed Commander of the London Trained Bands by Parliament 1642 Safety Royal Familly Charles I  Jan 10th The Royal familly move from Whitehall to Hampton Court 1642 Rebellion Pym, John  Jan 11th The 5 Members of Parliament return to Westminster to a heroes' reception 1642 Safety Royal Familly Charles I  Jan 12th The Royal familly move from Hampton Court to Windsor Castle 1642 Concilliation Charles I  Jan 13th Sends a concilliatory message to both Houses of Parliament 1642 Mobilization Digby  Jan 14th Attends a Royalist recruiting muster at Kingston-upon-Thames 1642 Exile Digby  Jan 15th Forced into exile to Holland to avoid arrest by Parliament 1642 Concilliation Charles I  Jan 20th Sends a concilliatory message to both Houses of Parliament 1642 Execution Greene, Thomas  Jan 21st 1st in a series of executions of Catholic priests takes place 1642 Execution Roe, Alban  Jan 21st 1st in a series of executions of Catholic priests takes place 1642 Capture of Hull Hotham, John  Jan 31st Captues Hull for Parliament 1642 Mobilization Holles, Denzil  Feb 1st Sent by the Commons to gain the support of the Lords to control the militia 1642 Exile Charles I  Feb 7th Announces intention to send his wife & daughter to Holland 1642 Rebellion Charles I  Feb 7th Agrees to pardon the 5 MP's 1642 Arrest Dering, Edward  Feb 10th Released from the Tower of London 1642 Exile Henrietta Maria  Feb 23rd Sets sail for Holland with the Crown Jewels as a pledge for munitions 1642 Militia Devereux, Robert  Mar 5th The Militia Ordinance is passed by Parliament giving Parliament control of the local militia called Trained Bands 1642 Trained Bands Devereux, Robert  Mar 5th The Militia Ordinance is passed by Parliament giving Parliament control of the local militia called Trained Bands 1642 Commissions of Array Charles I  April In response to the Militia Ordinance, Charles revives the Commissions of Array as a means of summoning an army instead 1642 Battle of Seaforth Moor Fairfax, Thomas  April 2nd Fairfax loses 1000 of his infantry at Seacroft and describes this as his worst ever defeat, with only a few cavalry reaching the safety of his father's main army at Leeds 1642 Siege of Hull Charles I  April 23rd Hull can be a an important garrison town  April 23rd Hull can be a strategic port for support from Charles IV of Denmark  April 23rd Leaves York to visit the Governor of Hull  April 24th Refused access to the garrison of Hull despite the presence of the Prince of Wales 1642 Siege of Hull Hotham, John  April 29th Refuses Charles I access to Hull & its arsenal 1642 Siege of Corfe Castle Earl, Walter  May 1st Commence the siege of Corfe Castle but fails to capture it 1642 Declaration of War Charles I  May 27th Parliament declares the King is making war after Charles moves the Great Seal to York 1642 Commission Charles I  June Issues a Commission of Array to Lord Lieutenants throughout the Kingdom, call to arms 1642 Mobilization Charles I  June Issues a Commission of Array to Lord Lieutenants throughout the Kingdom, call to arms 1642 Petition Fairfax, Thomas  June 3rd Delivers a petition at Heyworth Moor to the King asking him to return to Westminster 1642 Cambridge Volunteers Cromwell, Oliver  July 15th Moves in Parliament he be authorized to raise two companies of volunteers in Cambridge 1642 Impeachment Stanley, James  July 15th Later impeached for killing the 1st man in the Civil War 1642 Siege of Manchester Stanley, James  July 15th Later impeached for killing the 1st man in the Civil War  July 15th Leads a force into Manchester but driven out 1642 Peace Charles I  Aug Parliament wants Charles to lower his standard & withdraws accusations of treason  Aug Suffers a defeat outside Coventry & calls for peace negotiations 1642 Dismissal Charles I  Aug 8th Commissioners from Parliament discuss Charles' entry into Hull & he dismisses them 1642 Siege of Hull Charles I  Aug 8th Commissioners from Parliament discuss Charles' entry into Hull & he dismisses them 1642 Declaration of War Charles I  Aug 9th Accuses all those in Parliament of being traitors  Aug 9th Declares war, "for suppressing the present rebellion" 1642 Mobilization Skippon  Aug 10th Joined by the leading Members of Parliament  Aug 10th Reviews the City of London Regiments in Finsbury Fields 1642 Declaration of War Charles I  Aug 22nd Declares war on Parliament, raises the Royal Standard at Nottingham  Aug 22nd Raises the standard of war at Nottingham Castle, anniversary of the battle of Bosworth 1642 Mobilization Charles I  Aug 22nd Arrives at Nottingham on the way to London, prior to the battle of Edgehill 1642 Captain Cromwell, Oliver  Aug 28th Appointed Captain of a troop of horse he musters at Huntingdon 1642 Quartermaster Desborough, John  Aug 28th Appointed Quartermaster to Oiliver Cromwell, his brother-in-law 1642 Siege of Worcester Devereux, Robert  Sep Essex occupis Worcester as Charles I is unable to send reinforcements to Prince Rupert 1642 Declaration of War Charles I  Sep 6th The Royal Standard blows down & a more modern flag has to be put up in its place 1642 Capture of Portsmouth Goring, Thomas  Sep 7th Goring surrenders Portsmouth to Waller 1642 Capture of Portsmouth Waller, William  Sep 7th Goring surrenders Portsmouth to Waller 1642 Capture of Oxford Byron  Sep 10th Byron surrenders Oxford to Parliament 1642 Dismissal Byron  Sep 11th Dismissed as Lieutenant of the Tower of London 1642 Lieutenant Conyers, John  Sep 11th Appointed Lieutenant of the Tower of London 1642 Battle of Newbury, 1st Charles I  Sep 20th Fights an inconclusive battle then returns to Oxford  Sep 20th Retreats from Gloucester to Newbury in the face of Essex's advance 1642 Battle of Powick Bridge Brown, John  Sep 23rd Routed by a Royalist force led by Prince Rupert 1642 Battle of Powick Bridge Byron  Sep 23rd Joins forces with Prince Rupert 1642 Battle of Powick Bridge Charles I  Sep 23rd The Royalists draw 1st blood in the civil war 1642 Battle of Powick Bridge Crane, Richard  Sep 23rd Knighted by Charles I for his service at Powick Bridge 1642 Battle of Powick Bridge Digby  Sep 23rd Helps Prince Rupert route a Parliamentary force heading for Worcester 1642 Siege of London Charles I  Oct Begins to march on London 1642 Siege of Oxford Charles I  Oct Oxford is occupied by the Parliamentarians 1642 Mobilization Charles I  Oct 12th Arrives at Edgecote on the way to London, prior to the battle of Edgehill  Oct 12th Arrives at Shrewsbury on the way to London, prior to the battle of Edgehill  Oct 12th Plans to set up an HQ to recruit the Welsh & Irish 1642 Battle of Edgehill Bertie, Robert  Oct 22nd Resigns because Lord Forth devises the plan for the battle at Edgeghill 1642 Battle of Edgehill Devereux, Robert  Oct 22nd Royalists & Parliamentarians encounter each other before the battle of Edgehill 1642 Battle of Edgehill Digby  Oct 22nd Comands a Regiment for Parliament 1642 Battle of Edgehill Feilding  Oct 22nd Commands a regiment for the Royalists 1642 Battle of Edgehill Lucas, Charles  Oct 22nd Commands 200 Royalist horse 1642 Council War Charles I  Oct 22nd It is decided to capture Banbury the following day & after that to push on to Oxford 1642 Battle of Edgehill Astley, Jacob  Oct 23rd Commands the Royalist foot soldiers 1642 Battle of Edgehill Balfour, Arthur James  Oct 23rd Commands some the Parliamentary horse & helps take the Royalist standard 1642 Battle of Edgehill Bertie, Robert  Oct 23rd Resigns as General-in-Chief because Lord Forth plans the battle of Edgeghill  Oct 23rd Taken prisoner by the Parliamentarians  Oct 23rd Killed at the battle of Edgehill  Oct 23rd Serves as a volunteer at the head of his own infantry regiment 1642 Battle of Edgehill Bulstrode, Richard  Oct 23rd Serves in an infantry regiment for the Royalists 1642 Battle of Edgehill Byron  Oct 23rd Commands the Royalist cavalry reserve 1642 Battle of Edgehill Charles I  Oct 23rd After the Battle Charles sets up his military HQ at Oxford  Oct 23rd Charles I opens the road to London  Oct 23rd Charles is forced to keep his HQ at Oxford until the end of the war  Oct 23rd The battle ends in stalemate, both sides lose about 1,500 1642 Battle of Edgehill Charles II  Oct 23rd Commands a regiment as the Prince of Wales, charging in the front line 1642 Battle of Edgehill Cromwell, Oliver  Oct 23rd Captain of troop of horse at the Battle of Edgehill 1642 Battle of Edgehill Devereux, Robert  Oct 23rd 1st major conflict of the civil war, fought between Essex & Charles I  Oct 23rd Both sides claim victory & Charles I rejects Parliament's overtures for peace  Oct 23rd Essex's scouts see the Royalist army 3 miles south of the Edgehill escarpment  Oct 23rd Essex withdraws to Warwick, the road to London is still open to Charles  Oct 23rd Holds the field at Edge Hill for the Parliamentarians  Oct 23rd The battle ends in deadlock  Oct 23rd Essex withdraws to Warwick, the road to London is still open to Charles  Oct 23rd The Parliamentary forces withdraw to Warwick after the battle of Edgehill 1642 Battle of Edgehill Hampden, John  Oct 23rd Arrives late in the day to support Essex 1642 Battle of Edgehill Heydon, John  Oct 23rd Commands the cannon for Parliament 1642 Battle of Edgehill Ramsay, James  Oct 23rd Commands detachments of dragoons for Parliament 1642 Battle of Edgehill Verney, Edmund  Oct 23rd Royalist standard bearer, killed in battle 1642 Battle of Edgehill Wilmot, Harry  Oct 23rd Commands 5 Royalist regiments of horse 1642 Capture of Edgehill Balfour, Arthur James  Oct 23rd Commands some the Parliamentary horse & helps take the Royalist standard 1642 Death Bertie, Robert  Oct 23rd Death of Robert Bertie, killed during the battle of Edgehill 1642 Resignation Bertie, Robert  Oct 23rd Resigns as General-in-Chief because Lord Forth plans the battle of Edgeghill 1642 Capture of Banbury Charles I  Oct 27th The Royalists capture Banbury 1642 Capture of Oxford Charles I  Oct 29th Makes Oxford the Royalist HQ  Oct 29th The Royalists capture Oxford 1642 Capture of Reading Charles I  Oct 29th The Royalists capture Reading 1642 Siege of London Charles I  Oct 29th The Royalists prepares to march on London  Oct 29th Charles gathers an army of 10,000 & support from Prince Rupert of the Rhine 1642 Battle of Turnham Green Charles I  Nov Charles I is turned back at Turnham Green on his way to London, forced back to Reading 1642 Battle of Turnham Green Devereux, Robert  Nov Charles is turned back at Turnham Green 1642 Battle of Turnham Green Ramsey, James  Nov Helps turn back Charles I from his advance on London 1642 Capture of Brentford Devereux, Robert  Nov Recaptures Brentford after Charles I retreats to Reading 1642 Capture of Turnham Green Devereux, Robert  Nov Charles is turned back at Turnham Green 1642 Siege of London Charles I  Nov Charles I is turned back at Turnham Green on his way to London, forced back to Reading 1642 Capture of Reading Charles I  Nov 4th Reaches Reading while Essex is at Woburn in Bedfordshire 1642 Siege of London Charles I  Nov 4th Reaches Reading while Essex is at Woburn in Bedfordshire 1642 Siege of Reading Charles I  Nov 4th Reaches Reading while Essex is at Woburn in Bedfordshire 1642 Siege of London Charles I  Nov 11th Gives orders to attack Brentford before advancing further on London 1642 Battle of Brentford Charles I  Nov 12th Essex is reinforced by 20,000 militia & forces Charles I back to Oxford 1642 Battle of Brentford Devereux, Robert  Nov 12th Rupert attacks Brentford & defeats Parliament's forces under Holles, Essex & Brooke 1642 Battle of Brentford Holles, Denzil  Nov 12th Rupert attacks Brentford & defeats Parliament's forces under Holles, Essex & Brooke 1642 Siege of Brentford Devereux, Robert  Nov 12th Rupert attacks Brentford & defeats Parliament's forces under Holles, Essex & Brooke 1642 Battle of Brentford Devereux, Robert  Nov 13th The Roundheads leave London & muster at Chelsea Fields after their defeat at Brentford 1642 Mobilization Skippon  Nov 13th Raises a force of 24,000 London Trained Bands to face the King 1642 Siege of London Devereux, Robert  Nov 13th The Roundheads leave London & muster at Chelsea Fields after their defeat at Brentford 1642 Battle of Banbury Compton, Spencer  Dec 22nd Attacked in Banbury by the parliamentary forces on December 22, but relieved by Prince Rupert of the Rhine the next day 1643 Brave Dame Mary Bankes, Mary   During the English Civil War, the castle twice came under siege by Parliamentarian forces, Sir John Bankes is away from his estate attending to Charles I so defence of the castle is led by his wife Lady Mary Bankes - "Brave Dame Mary" 1643 Budget Pym, John   Leads Parliament in taking control of taxation & in raising an unprecedented exise tax 1643 Capture of Gainsborough Cavendish, William   Moves from the nth to threaten the eastern counties & captures Gainsborough 1643 Capture of Gloucester Devereux, Robert   Relieves Gloucester for the Parliamentarians 1643 Capture of Gloucester Massey, Edward   The Governor of Gloucester hands it over to Waller 1643 Capture of Gloucester Waller, William   The Governor of Gloucester hands it over to Waller 1643 Capture of Lincoln Montagu, Edward   Lincoln surrenders with a considerable supply of arms 1643 Capture of London Fairfax, Thomas   Captures Leads for the Parliamentarians 1643 Capture of Reading Charles I   The Royalist Reading garrison is handed over to the Roundheads 1643 Capture of Tewkesbury Maurice   Helps capture Tewkesury 1643 Capture of Tewkesbury Villiers   Helps capture Tewkesury 1643 Commander Cavendish, William   Appointed Commander of the Royalist forces North of the Tyne 1643 Commander Montagu, Edward   Appointed Major-General of the parliamentary forces in the eastern counties (the Eastern Association), with Cromwell as his second in command 1643 County Associations Cromwell, Oliver   Counties are inefficient for managing armies so County Associations are formed 1643 Diplomacy Pym, John   Invites the Scots Commissioners to London & agrees an Alliance 1643 General Montagu, Edward   Appointed General for the Eastern Midlands & the Associated Counties 1643 Invasion of Waller, William   Advances into Monmouthshire 1643 Major Waller, William   Appointed Major General 1643 Major General Montagu, Edward   Appointed Major-General of the parliamentary forces in the eastern counties (the Eastern Association), with Cromwell as his second in command 1643 Peace Pennington, Isaac   In the King's reply to the peace petition the London Mayor is accused of treason 1643 Peerage Byron   Created Baron Byron 1643 Reform Cromwell, Oliver   Counties are inefficient for managing armies so County Associations are formed 1643 Siege of Bristol Blake, Robert   Takes part in the defense of Bristol 1643 Siege of Corfe Castle Bankes, John   Corfe Castle survives a 6 week Parliamentarian siege 1643 Siege of Corfe Castle Bankes, Mary   During the English Civil War, the castle twice came under siege by Parliamentarian forces, Sir John Bankes is away from his estate attending to Charles I so defence of the castle is led by his wife Lady Mary Bankes - "Brave Dame Mary"   The first siege, in 1643, lasts for six weeks before the Parliamentarians withdraw with the loss of 100 men 1643 Siege of Gainsborough Cavendish, Charles   Defeated by Cromwell & killed in battle 1643 Siege of Hull Cavendish, William   Raises the Siege of Hull on behalf of the Royalists 1643 Siege of Hull Meldrum, John   Relieves Hull for the Parliamentarians 1643 Siege of London Pennington, Isaac   The King is not strong enough to capture the City of London 1643 Siege of Lyme Regis Blake, Robert   Takes part in the defense of Lyme Regis 1643 Peace Charles I  Jan Rejects proposals drawn up by the Lords & Parliament after the battle of Edgehill 1643 Siege of York Cavendish, William  Jan Withdraws the Royalists from Wakefield & Pontefract & gathers them at York 1643 Peace Pym, John  Jan 13th The King's reply to the peace petition is read dismisivly in the Guildhall 1643 Capture of Leeds Fairfax, Thomas  Jan 23rd Captures Leads for the Parliamentarians 1643 Siege of Bridlington Batten, William  Feb 23rd Despite the attenrions of Batten the Queen lands at Bridlington Quay 1643 Siege of Newark Ballard, Thomas  Feb 28th Fails in an attempt to capture Newark from the Royalists 1643 Siege of Newark Gell, John  Feb 28th Leads a Derbyshire contingent in a failed Roundhead attempt to capture Newark 1643 Capture of Bristol Waller, William  Mar Sets up his HQ in Bristol 1643 Siege of Lichfield Compton, Spencer  Mar Marches from Banbury to relieve Lichfield, and having failed there proceeds to Stafford, which he occupies 1643 Battle of Hopton Heath Compton, Spencer  Mar 18th Joins forces with General Hastings prior to the battle of Hopton Heath 1643 Battle of Hopton Heath Hastings, Henry  Mar 18th Joins forces with the Earl of Northampton prior to the battle of Hopton Heath 1643 Battle of Hopton Heath Brereton, William  Mar 19th Defeated by a Royalist force under the Earl of Northampton & General Henry Hastings  Mar 19th Forced to retreat to Stone then back to Cheshire 1643 Battle of Hopton Heath Byron, Thomas  Mar 19th Leads a charge against the Roundheads after Northampton is killed 1643 Battle of Hopton Heath Compton, Spencer  Mar 19th Accompanied by three of his sons, marches out with his troops Compton engages Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet and Sir William Brereton at Hopton Heath  Mar 19th Defeats the Roundheads under John Gell & William Brereton but killed in battle 1643 Battle of Hopton Heath Gell, John  Mar 19th Forced to retreat to Chartley & then to Uttoxeter  Mar 19th Defeated by a Royalist force under the Earl of Northampton & General Henry Hastings 1643 Battle of Hopton Heath Hastings, Henry  Mar 19th Helps defeat the Roundheads under John Gell & William Brereton 1643 Death Compton, Spencer  Mar 19th Death of Spencer Compton, killed at the battle of Hopton Heath 1643 Battle of Highnam Waller, William  Mar 23rd Routs the Royalist force of Lord Herbert 1643 Capture of Reading Devereux, Robert  April Captures Reading for the Parliamentarians & prevents Charles I from reaching London 1643 Capture of Reading Feilding, Richard  April Surrenders Reading to the Parliamentarians under Essex 1643 Capture of Tewkesbury Massey, Edward  April 12th Capures Tewkesbury for Parliament 1643 Capture of Upton Bridge Maurice  April 12th Captures Upton Bridge to maintain his communications with Oxford across the Severn 1643 Battle of Ripple Field Massey, Edward  April 13th Driven back by Prince Maurice to Tewkesbury 1643 Battle of Ripple Field Maurice  April 13th Drives Waller & Massey back to Tewkebury 1643 Battle of Ripple Field Waller, William  April 13th Driven back by Prince Maurice to Tewkesbury 1643 Battle of Grantham Cromwell, Oliver  May 13th 1st victory for Cromwell & the Eastern association 1643 Capture of Wakefield Fairfax, Thomas  May 21st Captures Wakefield for the Parliamentarians 1643 Capture of Wakefield Fairfax, William  May 21st Helps command the Parliamentary foot as Thomas Fairfax captures Wakefield 1643 Capture of Wakefield Gifford, John  May 21st Helps command the Parliamentary foot as Thomas Fairfax captures Wakefield 1643 Capture of Wakefield Goring, Thomas  May 21st Senior Royalist Commander at Wakefield when it is capturd by Thomas Fairfax 1643 Capture of Wakefield Lambton, William  May 21st Comes to the aid of the Royalist garrison but it is captured by Thomas Fairfax 1643 Capture of Wakefield Mackworth, Francis  May 21st Senior Royalist Commander at Wakefield when it is capturd by Thomas Fairfax 1643 Battle of Chalgrove Field Hampden, John  June 18th Defeated & killed by Royalists 1643 Battle of Adwalton Moor Cavendish, William  June 30th After the battle of Adwalton Moor the royalists occupy the West Riding of Yorkshire  June 30th Defeats a Parliamentary force under Lord Fairfax  June 30th The Parliamentary forces are driven back to Hull 1643 Battle of Adwalton Moor Fairfax, Thomas  June 30th After the battle of Adwalton Moor the royalists occupy the West Riding of Yorkshire  June 30th Defeated by the Royalists near Bradford  June 30th The Parliamentary forces are driven back to Hull 1643 Capture of Bath Waller, William  July Forced to evacuate Bath after being defeated by the Royalists at Lansdown 1643 Battle of Lansdown Waller, William  July 5th Defeated by the Royalists under Hopton 1643 Battle of Roundway Down Waller, William  July 13th Defeat by the Royalists under the Earl of Rochester  July 13th Defeated by the Royalists under Lord Wilmot 1643 Capture of York Fairfax, Thomas  July 16th Helps capture York for the Parliamentarians 1643 Siege of Burghley Cromwell, Oliver  July 24th Leads a successful siege in Northamptonshire against the Countess of Essex 1643 Battle of Gainsborough Cromwell, Oliver  July 28th Wins a victory over Royalist forces 1643 Army Cromwell, Oliver  Aug 10th Parliament issues instructions for the impressment of 22,000 in London & the east 1643 Mobilization Cromwell, Oliver  Aug 10th Parliament issues instructions for the impressment of 22,000 in London & the east 1643 Capture of Bristol Wentworth, Thomas  Aug 26th Breaks through at Brandon Hill followed by the surrender of Bristol to the Royalists 1643 National Covenant Pym, John  Sep The price of the Alliance is a National Covenant & Solemn League signed by Pym 1643 Solemn League Pym, John  Sep The price of the Alliance is a National Covenant & Solemn League signed by Pym 1643 Treaty of Covenanters Pym, John  Sep The price of the Alliance is a National Covenant & Solemn League signed by Pym 1643 Siege of Gloucester Charles I  Sep 6th Fails to capture Gloucester 1643 Peace Butler, James  Sep 15th Agrees a truce with the Confederate Irish on behalf of the King 1643 Rebellion Charles I  Sep 15th Signs a truce with the Irish rebels to free his troops for service in England 1643 Battle of Newbury Devereux, Robert  Sep 18th Defeats a Royalist force & is able to move on to Reading  Sep 18th Devereux defeats a Royalist force at Newburn & is able to move on to Reading 1643 Siege of Reading Devereux, Robert  Sep 18th Devereux defeats a Royalist force at Newburn & is able to move on to Reading 1643 Battle of Newbury, 1st Byron  Sep 20th Fights for the defeated Royalists 1643 Alliance Cromwell, Oliver  Sep 25th Parliament promises to protect Scottish Presbyterianism 1643 Capture of Newport Pagnell Dyve, Lewis  Oct 6th Captures Newport Pagnell for the Royalists 1643 Battle of Winceby Fairfax, Thomas  Oct 10th Combines with Cromwell & Manchester to check the Governor of Newark 1643 Battle of Winceby Montagu, Edward  Oct 10th Cromwell's cavalry proves very effective  Oct 10th Defeats the Royalists under Sir John Henderson near Newark 1643 Capture of Newcastle Fairfax, Thomas  Oct 16th Helps capture Newcastle for the Parliamentarians 1643 Siege of Newport Dyve, Lewis  Oct 27th Evacuates Newport Pagnell in the false belief that supplies are not coming from Oxford  Oct 27th The Royalist hold on London is lost 1643 Capture of Wrexham Brereton, William  Nov 9th Captures Wrexham, Royalists are intercepted returning from Ireland after the truce 1643 Treaty of Covenanters Pym, John  Nov 29th The Scots are authorized by Parliament to raise an Army at Parliament's expense 1643 Death Pym, John  Dec 9th Death of John Pym  Dec 18th Allows the rise of the Independent Party  Dec 18th Death of John Pym  Dec 18th The only man in politics who has some control over the Scots 1644 Alliance Cromwell, Oliver   Helps form an Alliance between Scotland & Parliament 1644 Alliance Holles, Denzil   Appointed to to co-ordinate the war with between Parliamentary & Scotish Allies 1644 Alliance St John, Oliver   Helps form an Alliance between Parliament & Scotland 1644 Alliance Vane, Henry   Helps form an Alliance between Parliament & Scotland 1644 Arrest Monck, George   Captured at Nantwich & held captive in the Tower, 1644-1646   Captured at Nantwich & held captive in the Tower, 1644-1646 1644 Battle of Andover Bennett, Henry   Fights for the Royalists 1644 Battle of Cheriton Waller, William   Prevents the advance of Royalists under Sir Ralph Hopton 1644 Battle of Cropredy Bridge Charles II   Fights at the battle of Cropredy Bridge 1644 Both Kingdoms Cromwell, Oliver   Appointed Member of the Committee of Both Kingdoms 1644 Both Kingdoms Holles, Denzil   Appointed Member of the Committee of Both Kingdoms 1644 Both Kingdoms St John, Oliver   Appointed Member of the Committee of Both Kingdoms 1644 Both Kingdoms Vane, Henry   Appointed Member of the Committee of Both Kingdoms 1644 Capture of Donnington Charles I   Captures Donnington Castle north west of Newbury 1644 Capture of Tickhill Lillburne, John   Captures Tickill Castle for Parliament, against orders 1644 Civil War England Leslie, Alexander   Takes part in the siege of Newcastle   Leads a Scottish army across the River Tweed to support Parliament 1644 Committee Both Kingdoms Montagu, Edward   Appointed a member of the Committee of Both Kingdoms 1644 Council of Advisers Charles II   Given a Council of Advisers including Sir Edward Hyde, Sir Arthur Capel & Lord Hopton 1644 Defection Ashley-Cooper, Anthony   Joins the Parliamentarians 1644 Exile Cavendish, William   Goes into exile after defeat at Marston Moor & loss of the nrth to Parliament 1644 Exile Henrietta Maria   Forced into exile, 1644-60, due to her unpopularity & Catholicism 1644 General Charles II   Appointed Commander, under the control of Sir Edward Hyde   Appointed General of the Western Association & Generlissimo of the King's forces 1644 Independents Cromwell, Oliver   Appointed Leader of the Independents 1644 Invasion of Ireland Charles I   Makes peace with the Irish Confederation   Withdraws his troops from Ireland & recruits Irish reinforcements 1644 Lord Lieutenant Butler, James   Appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland by Charles I, replaces the Earl of Leicester 1644 Lord Lieutenant Sydney   Appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland by the Oxford Parliament 1644 Mobilization Montagu, Edward   Joins up with Waller & Essex & forms a force of 18,000 outnumbering the King's by 2:1 1644 Peerage Astley, Jacob   Created Baron Astley 1644 Reform Cromwell, Oliver   Leads an Army sect demanding religious toleration & prosecution of criminals 1644 Second in Command Cromwell, Oliver   Appointed 2nd-in-Command of the Parliamentary Army 1644 Siege of Alton Waller, William   Captures Alton for the Parliamentarians 1644 Siege of Taunton Blake, Robert   Takes & holds Taunton for 2 years for the Parliamentary forces 1644 Surrender Devereux, Robert   Forced to surrender his army in Cornwall 1644 Death Bankes, John   12th Death of John Bankes, Royalist supporter & owner of Corfe Castle 1644 Civil War England Leslie, Alexander  Jan 1st The Covenanter Army gathers at Harlaw, Berwickshire, 18,000 foot & 3,000 horse  Jan 19th The Covenanter Army crosses the border at Berwick 1644 Battle of Nantwich Brereton, William  Jan 25th Joins forces with Fairfax & helps defeat Royalists led by Lord Byron 1644 Battle of Nantwich Byron  Jan 25th Forced to retreat to Chester  Jan 25th Byron's infantry join the Parliamentarians  Jan 25th Defeated by Fairfax 1644 Battle of Nantwich Fairfax, Thomas  Jan 25th Defeats Irish Royalists & local troops who have laid siege to Nantwich 1644 Battle of Nantwich Monck, George  Jan 25th Captured by the Parliamentarians then imprisoned in London for 2 yrs 1644 Lieutenant Cromwell, Oliver  Feb 5th Signs the Covenant enabling him to take up the position of Lieutenant Colonel 1644 Battle of Corbridge Cavendish, William  Feb 19th The Covenanters are defeated by the Royalist horse under Newcastle at Corbridge 1644 Capture of Aberdeen Huntly, George Gordon  Mar Captures Aberdeen from the Covenantors 1644 Battle of Boldon Hills Cavendish, William  Mar 8th Covenanters under Leven get the better of Royalists under Newcastle outside Sunderland 1644 Civil War England Leslie, Alexander  Mar 15th The Covenanters fail in their attempt to capture the Royalist Fort at South Shields 1644 Siege of Aberdeen Gordon, John  Mar 19th Leads a siege of Aberdeen & captures some leading Covenanters 1644 Civil War England Leslie, Alexander  Mar 20th The Covenanters succeed in their attempt to capture the Royalist Fort at South Shields 1644 Siege of Newark Meldrum, John  Mar 24th Surrenders Parliamentary forces to Rupert of the Rhine & retreats to Hull 1644 Battle of Hilton Cavendish, William  Mar 25th Covenanters under Leven & Royalists under Newcastle clash but the result is indecisive 1644 Civil War England MacDonald, Alasdair  April Arrives at the Highlands with 1,100 Irish to join up with Montrose's Royalist army 1644 Civil War England Rollo, William  April Assists Montrose's invasion of Scotland for the Royalists 1644 Exile Henrietta Maria  April Leaves her husband for the safety of the West Country, never sees him again 1644 Battle of Selby Fairfax, Thomas  April 11th Defeats the Royalists under Lord Bellasis & captures Selby  April 11th Lord Newcastle's Royalist force of 5,000 is trapped in York 1644 Civil War England Leslie, Alexander  April 20th The Covenanters & Parliament join forces at Tadcaster 1644 Mobilization Fairfax, Thomas  April 20th The Covenanters & Parliament join forces at Tadcaster 1644 Capture of Montrose Huntly, George Gordon  April 21st Captures most of Montrose for the Royalists 1644 Civil War England Leslie, Alexander  April 22nd The Covenanters & Parliament raise the siege & threaten to destroy Newcastle's army  April 22nd Jons the Parliamentarians under Fairfax at York 1644 Siege of York Cavendish, William  April 22nd Covenanters & Parliament raise the siege of York to destroy Devonshire's army 1644 Siege of York Fairfax, Thomas  April 22nd Begins the siege where Newcastle is stranded with 5,000 men but is relieved by Rupert 1644 Battle of Faringdon Goring, Thomas  May 2nd Defeats Cromwell but is kept in check by him 1644 Siege of Lincoln Montagu, Edward  May 6th Captures Lincoln 1644 Siege of York Montagu, Edward  May 6th Gathers together a force of 27,000 outside York 1644 Mobilization Goring, Thomas  May 8th Charles I's Cavalry Leader accompanies his King on his way from Oxford 1644 Siege of Bolton Stanley, James  May 28th 1st of the Cavaliers to enter then take Bolton 1644 Mobilization Goring, Thomas  May 30th Joins forces with Prince Rupert 1644 Capture of Leicester Charles I  June 1st Leicester is sacked by Charles I & Prince Rupert 1644 Battle of Aberdeen Charles I  June 19th Montrose expels the Covenentors from Aberdeen  June 19th The battle of Aberdeen is an engagement in the Scottish Civil War between Royalist & Covenanter forces outside the city of Aberdeen 1644 Parliament Charles I  June 22nd Opens his own Parliament in Christ Church Hall  June 22nd The new Parliament includes 100 members of the Commons & 30 peers 1644 Battle of Cropredy Bridge Waller, William  June 29th Defeated by Charles I near Bandbury 1644 Exile Henrietta Maria  July Sails from Falmouth to Brest 1644 Peerage Trevor  July Created Viscount Dungannon after the battle of Marston Moor 1644 Battle of Marston Moor Cavendish, William  July 1st Reluctant to fight at all but persuades Rupert to postpone the battle 1 day 1644 Battle of Marston Moor Montagu, Edward  July 1st Arrives at Marston Moor, 6 miles west of York on the Knaresborough Rd 1644 Battle of Marston Moor Byron  July 2nd Commands the Royalist Horse 1644 Battle of Marston Moor Cavendish, William  July 2nd Commands the Royalist "whitecoats" but only 30 survive  July 2nd Totally defeated Newcastle departs for Hamburg 1644 Battle of Marston Moor Charles I  July 2nd 4,000 Royalists are killed & 1,500 taken prisoner  July 2nd Royalist defeat near York which loses Charles' stronghold in the nth 1644 Battle of Marston Moor Crawford, Laurence  July 2nd Fights at Marston Moor on the side of the English Parliament 1644 Battle of Marston Moor Crawford, Lawrence  July 2nd Commands Manchester's Foot & for a time takes charge of Cromwell's cavalry 1644 Battle of Marston Moor Cromwell, Oliver  July 2nd Cromwell's first major victory, personally commands 2,500 men  July 2nd Defeats the Royalists near York, leaving 4,000 dead & taking 1,500 prisoners  July 2nd Sweeps away Goring's horse by attacking the Royalists from the rear 1644 Battle of Marston Moor Fairfax, Thomas  July 2nd A gathering of eager national forces within a few square miles of ground naturally led to a battle, and Marston Moor proves decisive for the struggle in the north  July 2nd Commands the right suffering heavy losses from Goring  July 2nd Cromwell relieves Fairfax & Parliament is victorious  July 2nd Fairfax's horse meets Goring's 1st line & charges them successfully  July 2nd The city of York is taken after the battle of Marston Moor, and nearly the whole of the north submits to the Parliament 1644 Battle of Marston Moor Fairfax, Charles  July 2nd Colonel Charles Fairfax is killed in action at the battle of Marston Moor 1644 Battle of Marston Moor Fiennes  July 2nd Fights for Parliament 1644 Battle of Marston Moor Fraser, Hugh  July 2nd Commands the Scottish dragoons on the side of the English Parliament 1644 Battle of Marston Moor Goring, Thomas  July 2nd Commands the Royalist horse on the left flank 1644 Battle of Marston Moor King  July 2nd Fights for the Royalists at Marston Moor, on the losing side 1644 Battle of Marston Moor Lucas, Charles  July 2nd As a 2nd to Goring commands some of the Royalist cavalry, taken prisoner by the Scots 1644 Battle of Marston Moor Montagu, Edward  July 2nd Commands a Parliamentary regiment at the battle of Marston Moor 1644 Battle of Marston Moor Trevor of Dungannon  July 2nd Commands a regiment under Lord Byron  July 2nd Stabs Cromwell in the neck & is made Viscount Dungannon 1644 Death Fairfax, Charles  July 2nd Colonel Charles Fairfax is killed in action at the battle of Marston Moor 1644 Rebellion Waller, William  July 2nd Writes complaining of the rebellion of the City Brigades 1644 Siege of York Fairfax, Thomas  July 2nd The city of York is taken after the battle of Marston Moor, and nearly the whole of the north submits to the Parliament 1644 Siege of York Cromwell, Oliver  July 4th Resumes the siege of York after victory at Marston Moor 1644 Siege of York Fairfax, Thomas  July 4th Resumes the siege of York after victory at Marston Moor 1644 Rebellion Browne, Richard  July 7th Wounded by his own men 1644 Capture of York Charles I  July 16th Parliament captures York 1644 Capture of York Cromwell, Oliver  July 16th Leads the "Ironsides" & captures York 1644 Siege of York Charles I  July 16th Parliament captures York 1644 Battle of Lostwithiel Charles I  Sep 2nd After their victory the Royalists are in a position to march on London  Sep 2nd The Royalists defeat Essex & capture 8,000 infantry 1644 Battle of Lostwithiel Devereux, Robert  Sep 2nd Charles I captures 8,000 of Devereux's infantry  Sep 2nd Charles I marches westwards from Oxford & intercepts Devereux  Sep 2nd Defeated by Royalists 30 miles west of Plymouth 1644 Battle of Lostwithiel Skippon  Sep 2nd Defeated by Royalists 30 miles west of Plymouth, saves most of the cavalry 1644 Siege of London Charles I  Sep 2nd After victory at Lostwithiel the Royalists are in a position to march on London 1644 Mobilization Montagu, Edward  Sep 27th Fills the gap left by William Waller who is supporting Essex in Cornwall 1644 Capture of Newcastle Cromwell, Oliver  Oct 16th Commander of the "Ironsides" during Parliament's capture of Newcastle 1644 Battle of Newbury, 2nd Astley, Jacob  Oct 26th Commander for the Royalists at the 2nd battle of Newbury 1644 Battle of Newbury, 2nd Charles II  Oct 26th Fights at the battle of Newbury 1644 Battle of Banbury Cavendish, William  Oct 27th Charles I is able to retreat safely to Donnington Castle & to join Rupert in Oxford  Oct 27th Fails to join forces with Waller 1644 Battle of Banbury Charles I  Oct 27th Manages to avoid capture & defeat, returns to Donnington Castle  Oct 27th The battle is inconclusive & Charles retreats to Oxford  Oct 27th With 10,000 men faces Cromwell with 22,000 1644 Council War Cavendish, William  Nov 10th "if we beat the King 99 x he would be King still, if he beat us we should be hanged" 1644 Council War Cromwell, Oliver  Nov 10th Advises a military defeat of the King after Manchester fails to persue him in battle 1645 Captain Fairfax, Thomas   Appointed Captain-General of the New Model Army 1645 Captain Poyntz, Sydenham   Appointed Captain General of the Parliamentary forces 1645 Civil War England Graham, James   Captures Edinburgh after the battle of Kilsyth   Captures Glasgow after the battle of Kilsyth 1645 Civil War England MacDonald, Alasdair   Knighted by Montrose after the Battle of Kilsyth 1645 Dismissal Waller, William   Relieved of command by the Self-Denying Ordinance 1645 Independents Cromwell, Oliver   Leads the Independents, a sect demanding religious toleration & prosecution of the war 1645 Levellers, The Lilburne, John   John Lilburne is imprisoned for denouncing Members of Parliament who lived in comfort while the common soldiers fought and died for the Parliamentary cause 1645 Military Adviser Digby   Appointed Military advisor to Charles I 1645 New Model Army Cromwell, Oliver   Modeled after Cromwell's Ironsides   Persuades Parliament to adopt a new militia, maintained by impressment & taxation   The Committee of Both Kingdoms recommends a new army of 22,000 run by Parliament   The New Model Army is created by Oliver Cromwell & Thomas Fairfax 1645 New Model Army Fairfax, Thomas   Becomes the 1st Commander of the New Model Army   Organised into 12 infantry & 11 cavalry regiments & 1 dragoon regiment 1645 Resignation Devereux, Robert   Resigns as Commander of the Parliamentary Army after defeat in Cornwall 1645 Siege of Chester Brereton, William   Conducts the succesful siege of Chester on behalf of Parliament 1645 Siege of Oxford Charles I   Cromwell prevents Charles joining forces with Prince Maurice & Prince Rupert 1645 Siege of Oxford Cromwell, Oliver   Besieges Oxford to prevent Charles I joining up with Prince Maurice & Prince Rupert 1645 Siege of Corfe Castle Ashley-Cooper, Anthony   12th Ordered to besiege Corfe Castle, the only Royalist stronghold between Exeter & London 1645 Peace Charles I  Jan Signs a brief truce but breaks it when he refuses to accede to Parliament's terms 1645 Treaty of Uxbridge Charles I  Jan Signs a brief truce but breaks it when he refuses to accede to Parliament's terms 1645 Lieutenant Cromwell, Oliver  Jan 22nd Appointed 2nd-in-Command for Manchester  Jan 22nd Appointed Lieutenant-General of the Horse & Foot 1645 Commander Goring, Thomas  Mar 11th Goring gets a commission as commander-in-chief of all western forces and so can only receive orders directly from the King 1645 Siege of Taunton Goring, Thomas  Mar 11th Goring's men lay siege to Taunton 1645 Surrender Cromwell, Oliver  Mar 14th Sir Ralph Hopton signs articles of surrender at Exeter  Mar 14th The Royalists are defeated in the West, only Oxford remains as a serious threat 1645 Battle of Stow on the Wold Charles I  Mar 26th Charles' final field force is crushed  Mar 26th Charles I surrenders to the Scots rather than to Parliament 1645 Surrender Charles I  Mar 26th Charles I surrenders to the Scots rather than to Parliament 1645 Resignation Montagu, Edward  April Anticipating the Self-denying Ordinance, Manchester resigned his command 1645 2nd in Command Cromwell, Oliver  April 3rd Appointed 2nd-in-Command of the New Model Army under Sir Thomas Fairfax 1645 Dismissal Cromwell, Oliver  April 3rd Removes the existing Generals 1645 Lieutenant Cromwell, Oliver  April 3rd Fairfax succeeds Essex as Captain-General & Cromwell becomes Lt General 1645 Self Denying Ordinance Charles I  April 3rd A modified Self-Denying Ordinance is passed by the Lords. 1645 Self Denying Ordinance Cromwell, Oliver  April 3rd All MPs except Cromwell must relinquish military commissions within 40 days  April 3rd Creates a New Model Army becoming 2nd-in-Command under Sir Thomas Fairfax  April 3rd Removes the existing Generals 1645 Civil War England Graham, James  April 4th Captures Dundee 1645 Battle of Islip Cromwell, Oliver  April 24th Cromwell defeats Northumberland at Islip 1645 Alliance Charles I  April 27th Leaves to Royalist stronghold of Oxford to negotiate with the Scots 1645 Battle of Faringdon House Cromwell, Oliver  April 29th Cromwell is repulsed at Faringdon House 1645 Mobilization Fairfax, Thomas  April 30th Marches out from Windsor prior to the Battle of Naseby 1645 Siege of Leicester Charles I  May Charels I captures Leicester waiting for Goring & Gerard to join forces with him  May Charles I sacks Leicester, followed by his defeat at Naseby 1645 Battle of Faringdon Cromwell, Oliver  May 2nd Defeated in battle by the Earl of Norwich, George Goring 1645 Battle of Faringdon Goring, Thomas  May 2nd Defeats Cromwell but is kept in check by him 1645 Battle of Farngdon Cromwell, Oliver  May 2nd Defeated by Goring during a minor skirmish 1645 Mobilization Fairfax, Thomas  May 7th Reaches Blandford & detaches 6 regiments for the relief of Taunton 1645 Siege of Oxford Cromwell, Oliver  May 7th Charles I & Goring evade Cromwell's forces & manage to leave Oxford 1645 Civil War England Hurry, John  May 9th Hurry is defeated & 2,000 to 3,000 Covenanters perish in the battle  May 9th Hurry tries to surprise Montose but is trapped by MacDonald & defeated by Montrose 1645 Civil War England MacDonald, Alasdair  May 9th Hurry tries to surprise Montose but is trapped by MacDonald & defeated by Montrose 1645 Mobilization Charles I  May 11th Reaches Droitwich & leaves it 14th May 1645 Siege of Chester Charles I  May 14th Reaches Market Drayton & recieves news that Brereton has raised the siege of Chester  May 14th Reaches Market Drayton & recieves news that Brereton has raised the siege of Chester 1645 Council War Charles I  May 19th Charles decides to send Goring sth west while he & Rupert head nth 1645 Mobilization Cromwell, Oliver  May 19th Advances to Kenilworth but orderred to retreat by the Parliamentary Committee  May 19th Joins forces with Fairfax at Nuneham near Oxford 1645 Mobilization Fairfax, Thomas  May 19th Arrives at Nuneham near Oxford & is joined by Cromwell 1645 Mobilization Cromwell, Oliver  May 22nd Obeys Parliament & joins up with Fairfax in Oxford 1645 Siege of Oxford Fairfax, Thomas  May 22nd Siege of Oxford by Fairfax and the New Model Army 1645 Siege of Leicester Fairfax, Thomas  May 30th Rupert captures and ransacks Leicester in an attempt to draw Fairfax away from Oxford. 1645 Siege of Oxford Fairfax, Thomas  May 30th Rupert captures and ransacks Leicester in an attempt to draw Fairfax away from Oxford. 1645 Battle of Preston Cromwell, Oliver  May 31st The 1st battle over which Cromwell has independent command  May 31st Wins victory over the Scots under Hamilton 1645 Battle of Worcester Cromwell, Oliver  May 31st Royalist victory, diverts Fairfax from Oxford, Charles then proceeds safely to Oxford 1645 Mobilization Cromwell, Oliver  May 31st Arrives in Cambridge to gather 3,000 horse & reinforce the Eastern Association 1645 Capture of Leicester Charles I  June 1st With the help of Prince Rupert captures & sacks Leicester 1645 Capture of Leicester Fairfax, Thomas  June 5th After Royalists take Leicester Fairfax is ordered nth 1645 Siege of Oxford Fairfax, Thomas  June 5th Marches to Newport Pagnell on his way to besiege Oxford 1645 Mobilization Charles I  June 7th Charles reaches Daventry where he learns that Oxford is no longer under siege 1645 Mobilization Fairfax, Thomas  June 7th Fairfax arrives at Newport Pagnell where is joined by Vermuyden & his 2,500 horse 1645 Commander Cromwell, Oliver  June 10th The Commons approves Cromwell's appointment as 2nd in Command of the New Model Army 1645 Mobilization Cromwell, Oliver  June 11th Intent on joining up with Fairfax to expel Charles I from the Midlands 1645 Battle of Borough Hill Fairfax, Thomas  June 12th Initial contact between Fairfax and the King's army at Borough Hill 1645 Mobilization Cromwell, Oliver  June 12th Cromwell joins forces with Fairfax & Parliament has an Army of more than 13,000 men 1645 Mobilization Fairfax, Thomas  June 12th Cromwell joins forces with Fairfax & Parliament has an Army of more than 13,000 men  June 12th Fairfax arrives 12 miles from where Charles is at Daventry to the latter's surprise 1645 Battle of Naseby Charles I  June 13th Stands on high ground on East Farndon over Great Oxendon, 2 miles sth of Harborough 1645 Capture of Gainsborough Fairfax, Thomas  June 13th Leads his main force into Gainsborough while his main scouts enter Naseby 1645 Mobilization Charles I  June 13th Charles avoids battle by marching from Borough Hill to Belvoit Castle 1645 Mobilization Ireton, Henry  June 13th Leads a cavalry at the Battle of Naseby against the Royalists 1645 Battle of Naseby Astley, Bernard  June 14th Commands a brigade of the Royalist Army 1645 Battle of Naseby Astley, Jacob  June 14th Commands the infantry of the Royalist Army 1645 Battle of Naseby Bard, Henry  June 14th Commands a brigade of the Royalist Army 1645 Battle of Naseby Charles I  June 14th Decisive victory for Parliamentary forces  June 14th The 1st Civil War lingers for another year until capitulation at Oxford 1 year later 1645 Battle of Naseby Cromwell, Oliver  June 14th Advises Fairfax to occupy high ground & tempt a Royalist charge across the marshes  June 14th Commands the cavalry to the right of centre  June 14th Contributes to Charles' downfall & the ascendancy of Cromwell & the independents  June 14th Parliamentary victory, Charles has 7,500 men & Parliamentary forces number 13,500 1645 Battle of Naseby Fairfax, Thomas  June 14th A decisive victory over the royalists  June 14th Leaves Guilsborough in the early hours & by sunrise the Army is ready on Naseby Bridge  June 14th With Cromwell's help defeats Charles' force of 7,500 1645 Battle of Naseby Gerard, Charles  June 14th Commands a Royalist Army, Charles I is defeated 1645 Battle of Naseby Goring, Thomas  June 14th Commands a Royalist Army, Charles I is defeated 1645 Battle of Naseby Hopton  June 14th Commands a Royalist Army, Charles I is defeated 1645 Battle of Naseby Ireton, Henry  June 14th Fights at the battle of Naseby for Parliament against Charles I 1645 Battle of Naseby Langdale, Marmaduke  June 14th Commands the right wing of the Royalist cavalry 1645 Battle of Naseby Lisle, George  June 14th Commands a brigade of the Royalist Army 1645 Battle of Naseby Okey, John  June 14th Commands the Dragoons of the Parliamentary Army during a victory against the Royalists 1645 Battle of Naseby Pride, Thomas  June 14th Commands a Parliamentary regiment in a victory over the Royalists 1645 Battle of Naseby Skippon, John  June 14th Commands the infantry centre of the Parliamentary Army during their victory 1645 Battle of Naseby Stuart  June 14th Commands the King's Horseguards of the Royalist Army 1645 Council War Charles I  June 14th Calls a Council of War & decides to fight against Fairfax sth of Market Harborough 1645 Siege of Oxford Cromwell, Oliver  June 15th Establishes an HQ in Holton to prepare for the siege of Oxford 1645 Battle of Naseby Doyley, Charles  June 16th Commands the Lifeguard for Parliament against the Royalists 1645 Battle of Naseby Skippon  June 16th Commands a Regiment for Parliament against the Royalists 1645 Battle of Naseby Welsh, Gerard  June 16th Commands levies for the Royalists against Parliament 1645 Battle of Naseby Whalley, Edward  June 16th Commands a regiment for Parliament against the Royalists 1645 Capture of Leicester Fairfax, Thomas  June 18th Fairfax takes back Leicester 1645 Siege of Oxford Cromwell, Oliver  June 20th The garrison in Oxford surrenders to Cromwell 1645 Civil War England Drummond, John  July 2nd Helps defeat a Covenant & anti-Royalist Armt led by Baille 1645 Civil War England Gordon, George  July 2nd Helps defeat a Covenant & anti-Royalist Armt led by Baille  July 2nd Helps defeat a Covenant & anti-Royalist Army led by Baille but is killed in battle 1645 Civil War England Gordon, Nathaniel  July 2nd Helps defeat a Covenant & anti-Royalist Armt led by Baille 1645 Civil War England Lyndsey  July 2nd Fights for Covenanters & anti-Royalists who are defeated by Royalists led by Montrose 1645 Capture of Dorchester Fairfax, Thomas  July 3rd Fairfax meets the Clubmen of Dorset and Wiltshire at Dorchester 1645 Battle of Langport Fairfax, Thomas  July 10th Fairfax boldly attacks Goring's strong defences at the battle of Langport 1645 Battle of Langport Goring, Thomas  July 10th Fairfax boldly attacks Goring's strong defences at the battle of Langport  July 10th Suffers a defeat by Fairfax & Cromwell 1645 Capture of Bridgewater Fairfax, Thomas  July 23rd Fairfax takes Bridgwater 1645 Siege of Bridgwater Fairfax, Thomas  July 23rd Fairfax takes Bridgwater 1645 Capture of Bath Okey, John  July 30th Captures Bath from the Royalists 1645 Civil War England Graham, James  Aug In 11 months Montrose has defeated a superior army 6 times & become master in Scotland  Aug Leads 4,400 infantry & 500 cavalry against 6,000 infantry & 800 horse  Aug Leads a force against the Covenantors  Aug The Covenanter Army has been destroyed 1645 Battle of Hambledon Hill Cromwell, Oliver  Aug 4th Cromwell routs Dorsetshire clubmen at Hambledon Hill 1645 Capture of Sherborne Castle Fairfax, Thomas  Aug 14th Fairfax assaults and captures Sherborne Castle 1645 Civil War England Graham, James  Aug 14th Decides to engage the Covenanters, the Royalists & Covenanters are just 3 miles apart 1645 Siege of Sherborne Castle Fairfax, Thomas  Aug 14th Fairfax assaults and captures Sherborne Castle 1645 Civil War England Gordon, Nathaniel  Aug 15th Helps the Royalists under Montrose defeat the Covenanters under Baille 1645 Civil War England MacDonald, Alasdair  Aug 15th Helps the Royalists defeat the Covenanters 1645 Civil War England Ogilvy  Aug 15th Helps the Royalists under Montrose defeat the Covenanters under Baille 1645 Siege of Bristol Fairfax, Thomas  Aug 23rd Siege of Bristol by Fairfax begins 1645 Siege of Bristol Cromwell, Oliver  Sep Present at Keynsham during Parliament's siege of Bristol  Sep Present at Stapleton at Fairfax's HQ during Parliament's siege of Bristol 1645 Battle of Bristol Cromwell, Oliver  Sep 10th Defeats Prince Rupert & captures Bristol  Sep 10th Prince Rupert is forced to return to Oxford, his forces intact 1645 Capture of Bristol Cromwell, Oliver  Sep 10th Defeats Prince Rupert & captures Bristol 1645 Capture of Bristol Fairfax, Thomas  Sep 10th Prince Rupert surrenders Bristol to Parliament under Fairfax 1645 Siege of Bristol Cromwell, Oliver  Sep 10th Commands Parliament's action around Prior's Hill fort  Sep 10th Defeats Prince Rupert & captures Bristol 1645 Civil War England Graham, James  Sep 13th Montrose's Army is destroyed, he spends the following winter building it up again 1645 Civil War England Home  Sep 13th Captured in battle during the defeat of the Royalists 1645 Civil War England Leslie, Alexander  Sep 13th Defeats the Royalist Army of Montrose 1645 Battle of Devizes Cromwell, Oliver  Sep 25th Cromwell captures Devizes 1645 Battle of Winchester Cromwell, Oliver  Sep 28th Cromwell captures Winchester 1645 Battle of Basingstoke Cromwell, Oliver  Oct 13th Defeats the Marquise of Winchester  Oct 13th Secures the last major obstacle between London & the West Country 1645 Civil War England Graham, James  Oct 20th Opens a Parliament 1646 Capture of Dartmouth Fairfax, Thomas   Captures Dartmouth   Discovers letters from the Queen enlisting French support 1646 Death Devereux, Robert   Death of the Earl of Essex 1646 Levellers, The Lilburne, John   It was the campaigns to free Lilburne from prison which spawned the movement known as the LevellersGraves arrived at the mouth of the Chesapeake early on 5 September to see de Grasse's fleet at anchor in the bay   Lilburne is imprisoned again, this time in the Tower of London, for denouncing his former army commander the Earl of Manchester as a Royalist sympathiser, because he had protected an officer who had been charged with treason 1646 Peace Charles I   Rejects the Newcastle Proposals to take the Covenant & Parliament control the militia 1646 Peace Ireton, Henry   Receives Charles I's peace offer to the Independents & communicates it to Cromwell 1646 Resignation Devereux, Robert   Devereux resigns 1646 Siege of Corfe Castle Ashley-Cooper, Anthony   After its capture, the castle is slighted (destroyed) with some explosives mainly by "undermining" to ensure that it could never stand again as a Royalist stronghold   The second siege, in 1646, is resisted for two months before the castle is betrayed by a member of the garrison 1646 Siege of Corfe Castle Bankes, Mary   After its capture, the castle is slighted (destroyed) with some explosives mainly by "undermining" to ensure that it could never stand again as a Royalist stronghold   The second siege, in 1646, is resisted for two months before the castle is betrayed by a member of the garrison 1646 Capture of Chester Brereton, William  Feb 3rd Captures Chester from Lord Byron 1646 Battle of Warrington Hopton  Feb 15th Defeated by Cromwell in the final battle of the campaign 1646 Exile Charles II  Feb 17th After Cromwell's victory at Torrington Charles retreats to Penndennis Castle 1646 Surrender Astley, Jacob  Mar Surrenders the last Royalist Army to William Brereton 1646 Exile Charles II  Mar 2nd Boarded on the Phoenix at Lands End & headed for the Scilly Isles  Mar 4th Lands at St Mary's in the Scilly Isles exactly one year since leaving Oxford 1646 Surrender Hopton  Mar 9th Parliamentarians approach Truro & Hopton sends out an offer to negotiate peace 1646 Surrender Fairfax, Thomas  Mar 13th Hopton agrees surrender terms to Fairfax as Truro is captured from the Royalists 1646 Surrender Hopton  Mar 13th Signs the Articles of Surrender at Exeter on behalf of the Royalists 1646 Battle of Stow on the Wold Charles I  Mar 14th All that remains are garrisons in Oxford, Newark, Pendennis, Exeter & Raglan  Mar 14th Charles writes to his Queen that he has not enough forces to resist or escape 1646 Surrender Hopton  Mar 14th Hopton agrees to disband his forces & go abroad 1646 Exile Charles II  April 16th Sets sail for Jersey from the Scilly Isles on the Proud Black Eagle 1646 Peace Charles I  April 22nd Offers peace to the Independents  April 22nd Will disband his forces if he can live as a King & have a few friends in service 1646 Peace Cromwell, Oliver  April 25th Announces the King's peace offer to the Independents who refuse to respond 1646 Arrest Charles I  April 27th Leaves Oxford to surrender himself to the Scots at Newark 1646 Escape Charles I Charles I  April 27th Departs from Oxford in disguise 1646 Surrender Charles I  April 27th Charles's supporters believe he is heading for London but he surrenders to the Scots  April 27th Slips out of Oxford in disguise 1646 Escape Charles I Cromwell, Oliver  April 29th The escape of the King from Oxford is announced in Parliament 1646 Battle of Newark Charles I  May Charles surrenders to the Scots 1646 Civil War England Leslie, Alexander  May Accepts the surrender of Charles I at Newark 1646 Surrender Charles I  May 5th Surrenders to the Scots at Newark after defeat at Stowe-on-the-Wold 1646 Surrender Cromwell, Oliver  May 6th The surrender of the King to the Scots in Newark is announced in Parliament 1646 Siege of Newark Charles I  May 8th Newark is surrendered to the Scots 1646 Civil War England Graham, James  May 31st Asked by Charles to leave Scotland because Charles has joined the Covenanters 1646 Invasion of Scotland Charles I  May 31st Montrose receives a letter from Charles I asking him to withdraw from Scotland 1646 Siege of Oxford Charles I  June 24th Oxford is surrendered to Parliament, only Pendennis, Raglan & Harlech remain 1646 Siege of Oxford Glamham, Thomas  June 24th Surrenders Oxford to Parliament 1646 Exile Charles II  June 25th Sets sail for France to join his Mother Henrietta Maria 1646 Battle of Langport Fairfax, Thomas  July 10th Commands the New Model Army to victory over Goring, a final blow to the Royalist cause 1646 Levellers, The Overton, Richard  Aug Richard Overton is arrested for publishing a pamphlet attacking the House of Lords, during his imprisonment, he wrote an influential Leveller manifesto, "An Arrow Against All Tyrants and Tyranny"  Aug The soldiers in the New Model Army elected "Agitators" from each regiment to represent them, the Agitators were recognised by the Army's commanders and had a seat on the General Council 1646 Siege of Raglan Charles I  Aug 19th Raglan is surrendered to Parliament, ends military operations of the 1st civil war 1646 Civil War England Graham, James  Sep Sails for Norway 1646 Siege of Oxford Fairfax, Thomas  Sep Oxford capitulates following the final siege of Oxford, and by the end of September 1646 Charles had neither army nor garrison in England, following the surrender of Thomas Blagge at Wallingford Castle after a siege conducted by Fairfax 1646 Siege of Wallingford Castle Fairfax, Thomas  Sep Oxford capitulates following the final siege of Oxford, and by the end of September 1646 Charles had neither army nor garrison in England, following the surrender of Thomas Blagge at Wallingford Castle after a siege conducted by Fairfax 1647 Arrest Cromwell, Oliver   Orders the abduction of Charles II at Holmby 1647 Battle of Marston Moor Lambert, John   Leads the Parliament's cavalry 1647 Civil War England Maitland   Supports Charles I   Confers with Charles I & gains the Engagement from him 1647 Commander Lambert, John   Appointed Commander of the Army of the North for Parliament 1647 Constitution Lilburne, John   A radical group within the New Model Army, the Levellers, calls for Constitutional reform 1647 Diplomacy Charles I   Offers to repeal all the penal laws if the Vatican assists him to victory 1647 Exile Holles   Takes up exile in France 1647 Impeachment Holles   Impeached by the Parliamentary Army 1647 Levellers, The Lilburne, John   A radical group within the New Model Army, the Levellers, calls for Constitutional reform   The Levellers, a political movement during the English Civil Wars which emphasised popular sovereignty, extended suffrage, equality before the law, and religious tolerance, all of which were expressed in the manifesto "Agreement of the People" 1647 Mobilization Cromwell, Oliver   Flees Parliament & joins an Army with 100 members of the House of Commons 1647 Peace Charles I   Offers a seperate peace with the Independents in Parliament but they do not respond 1647 Reform Lilburne, John   The Levellers call fo a full franchise under a Republican Government 1647 Arrest Fairfax, Thomas  Jan Charles I is deliverred by the Scots to the commissioners of parliament, Fairfax meets the King beyond Nottingham, and accompanies him during the journey to Holdenby 1647 Civil War England Leslie, Alexander  Jan Turns Charles I over to Parliament 1647 Arrest Charles I  Jan 30th Parliament pays a œ400,000 ransom to Charles' Scottish captors 1647 Capture of Torrington Fairfax, Thomas  Feb 16th Captures Torrington from the Royalists 1647 Peace Hopton  Mar 9th Driven back to Truro, Hopton offers peace terms with the Parliamentary forces 1647 Treaty of Peace Fairfax, Thomas  Mar 13th Signs a peace treaty with Lord Ralph Hopton who agrees to disband his forces 1647 Treaty of Peace Hopton  Mar 13th Signs a peace treaty with Fairfax in Truro 1647 Peerage Charles I  Mar 14th Makes the Earl of Glamorgan Duke of Somerset 1647 Battle of Stow on the Wold Astley, Jacob  Mar 20th Astley takes up a defensive position on a hillside below Stow-on-the-Wold  Mar 21st Astley is forced to surrender himself to the Parliamentarians  Mar 21st Attempts to transfer forces from Wales to Oxford but is defeated by Morgan & Brereton 1647 Battle of Stow on the Wold Brereton, William  Mar 21st Intercepts Lord Astley & stops him marching from Wales to join Charles I in Oxford 1647 Battle of Stow on the Wold Lucas, Charles  Mar 21st Taken prisoner during the royalist defeat 1647 Battle of Stow on the Wold Morgan, Thomas  Mar 21st Intercepts Lord Astley & stops him marching from Wales to join Charles I in Oxford 1647 Alliance Charles I  April 2nd Sends Montreuil to Newark to prepare the Scots for his reception 1647 Peace Charles I  April 2nd The French send Montreuil to Scotland to negotiate peace with the Covenanters 1647 Arrest Charles I  April 13th Princess Henrietta is surrendered to Parliament 1647 Arrest Henrietta Maria  April 13th Princess Henrietta is surrendered to Parliament 1647 Capture of Exeter Fairfax, Thomas  April 13th Captures the garrison ar Exeter & Princess Henrietta becomes a prisoner of Parliament 1647 Surrender Berkley, John  April 13th Surrenders at Exeter, Fairfax declares that the Western War is over 1647 Surrender Charles I  April 13th John Berkley surrenders & ends the war in the west  April 13th John Berkley surrenders & surrenders Princes Henrietta to Parliament 1647 Arrest Charles I  June 4th Taken prisoner by the Army from Holmby House in Northamptonshire 1647 Siege of London Cromwell, Oliver  Aug 6th Enters London with an Army & forces Parliament to take him & the other MPs back 1647 Levellers, The Fairfax, Thomas  Oct 18th At least five regiments of Cavalry had elected new unofficial agitators and produced a pamphlet called "The Case of the Army truly stated" which is presented to the commander-in-chief, Sir Thomas Fairfax  Oct 18th The Levelllers demand a dissolution of Parliament within a year and substantial changes to the Constitution of future parliaments, which were to be regulated by an unalterable "law paramount"  Oct 28th Senior officers in the Army (nicknamed "Grandees") were incensed by the "Case of the Army" and ordered the unofficial Agitators to give an account of their principles before the General Council of the Army, known as the Putney Debates 1647 Putney Debates Fairfax, Thomas  Oct 28th Senior officers in the Army (nicknamed "Grandees") were incensed by the "Case of the Army" and ordered the unofficial Agitators to give an account of their principles before the General Council of the Army, known as the Putney Debates 1647 Putney Debates Petty, Maximillian  Oct 28th The Agitators are assisted by some civilians, notably John Wildman and Maximillian Petty, who had been connected to the Army as civilian advisers 1647 Putney Debates Wildman, John  Oct 28th The Agitators are assisted by some civilians, notably John Wildman and Maximillian Petty, who had been connected to the Army as civilian advisers 1647 Exile Charles I  Nov 11th Hosted by the Governor of Carisbrooke Castle  Nov 11th Escapes to the Isle of Wight 1647 Alliance Charles I  Dec 26th Promises to impose Presbyterianism for 3 yrs to gain Scottish support  Dec 26th Signs a secret Treaty at the Isle of Wight with the Scots  Dec 26th The Scots promise to restore Charles if he restores Presbyterianism 1647 Rebellion Charles I  Dec 26th Parliament renounces its allegiance to the King 1647 Restoration Charles I  Dec 26th Promises to impose Presbyterianism for 3 yrs to gain Scottish military support 1648 Levellers, The Rainsborough, Thomas   Thomas Rainsborough is killed, he was a Member of Parliament and also a Leveller leader who had spoken at the Putney Debates, his funeral was the occasion for a large Leveller-led demonstration in London 1648 Siege of Colchester Fairfax, Thomas   Fairfax leads the successful siege of Colchester, after the surrender of which he approves the execution of the Royalist leaders' Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle, holding that these officers had broken their parole 1648 Siege of Colchester Lisle, George   Fairfax leads the successful siege of Colchester, after the surrender of which he approves the execution of the Royalist leaders' Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle, holding that these officers had broken their parole 1648 Siege of Colchester Lucas, Charles   Fairfax leads the successful siege of Colchester, after the surrender of which he approves the execution of the Royalist leaders' Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle, holding that these officers had broken their parole 1648 Parliament Charles I  Jan 15th Following his treaty with the Scots Parliament renounces allegiance to Charles I 1648 Treaty of Scotland Charles I  Jan 15th Following his treaty with the Scots Parliament renounces allegiance to Charles I 1648 Battle of Preston Lambert, John  Aug 17th As a cavalry Commander serving under Cromwell defeats the Scottish-Royalists 1648 Battle of Preston Dean, Richard  Aug 19th The Scots are driven off by a charge of pikemen under Colonels Thomas Pride and Richard Dean 1648 Battle of Preston Milton, John  Aug 19th A small tributary of the Ribble, causes the poet John Milton later to write of "Darwen's stream with blood of Scots imbued" 1648 Battle of Preston Pride, Thomas  Aug 19th The Scots are driven off by a charge of pikemen under Colonels Thomas Pride and Richard Dean 1648 Battle of Winwick Pass Cromwell, Oliver  Aug 19th Fighting in the fields outside the town of Preston, the English Parliamentarian forces of Oliver Cromwell inflict a major reverse on the Anglo-Scottish Royalist army of the Duke of Hamilton 1648 Rump Parliament Charles I  Dec In the wake of the ejections from the Long Parliament, the remnant, the Rump Parliament, arranges for the trial and execution of Charles I 1648 Rump Parliament Cromwell, Oliver  Dec In the wake of the ejections from the Long Parliament, the remnant, the Rump Parliament, arranges for the trial and execution of Charles I 1648 Arrest Charles I  Dec 1st The Army siezes Charles I 1648 Long Parliament Cromwell, Oliver  Dec 6th Divisions emerge culminating in Pride's Purge when, under the orders of Oliver Cromwell's son-in-law Henry Ireton, Colonel Pride physically bars about half of the members of Parliament from taking their seats 1648 Long Parliament Ireton, Henry  Dec 6th Divisions emerge culminating in Pride's Purge when, under the orders of Oliver Cromwell's son-in-law Henry Ireton, Colonel Pride physically bars about half of the members of Parliament from taking their seats 1648 Parliament Fairfax, Thomas  Dec 6th Attempts to form a provisional Government around the Independent Members of Parliament  Dec 6th Opposes Colonel Thomas Pride's purge of Parliament 1648 Pride's Purge Cromwell, Oliver  Dec 6th Divisions emerge culminating in Pride's Purge when, under the orders of Oliver Cromwell's son-in-law Henry Ireton, Colonel Pride physically bars about half of the members of Parliament from taking their seats 1648 Pride's Purge Ireton, Henry  Dec 6th Divisions emerge culminating in Pride's Purge when, under the orders of Oliver Cromwell's son-in-law Henry Ireton, Colonel Pride physically bars about half of the members of Parliament from taking their seats 1648 Treaty of Newport Ireton, Henry  Dec 6th Asks Pride to exclude from Parliament those who had voted for the Newport treaty 1648 Trial Charles I  Dec 13th The "Rump Parliament" of 60 members votes that Charles be brought to trial 1649 Banbury Mutineers Thompson, William   Cromwell attacked the "Banbury mutineers", 400 troopers who supported the Levellers and who were commanded by Captain William Thompson 1649 Commander Blake, Robert   Appointed Commander of the Fleet 1649 Death Pride, Thomas   Signs Charles I's death warrant 1649 Execution Pride, Thomas   Signs Charles I's death warrant 1649 Levellers, The Thompson, William   Cromwell attacked the "Banbury mutineers", 400 troopers who supported the Levellers and who were commanded by Captain William Thompson 1649 Rump Parliament Cromwell, Oliver   The Rump Parliament is responsible for the setting up of the Commonwealth of England 1649 Trial Bradshaw, John   Presides over the Trial of Charles I & pronounces the death sentence 1649 Trial Fairfax, Thomas  Jan 1st Parliament passes an Ordinance setting up a High Court of Justice to try Charles I 1649 Trial Charles I  Jan 20th Charles I goes on trial for treason  Jan 21st Charles I goes on trial, he refuses to plead  Jan 26th Sentenced to death as a "tyrant, traitor & murderer" 1649 Death Charles II  Jan 30th Death of Charles I 1649 Execution Brandon, Richard  Jan 30th Executes Charles I 1649 Execution Charles II  Jan 30th Charles II is proclaimed King in Scotland  Jan 30th Executed in front of the Whitehall Banqueting House 1649 Civil War England Hamilton, James  Mar 6th Condemned to death 1649 Levellers, The Fairfax, Thomas  May Puts down the Leveller mutiny 1649 Rebellion Fairfax, Thomas  May Puts down the Leveller mutiny 1649 Siege of Northampton Thompson, William  May Mutinous Leveller troops under William Thompson occupy Northampton  May 17th A Parliamentary force under Colonel Reynolds defeats the Levellers 1649 Remonstrance Army Fairfax, Thomas  Nov 15th Introduces the Remonstrance of the Army to Parliament 1649 Arrest Fairfax, Thomas  Dec 2nd Orders Charles I to be transferred to Hurst Castle  Dec 2nd Orders Charles I to be transferred to Hurst Castle 1650 Battle of Cartagena Blake, Robert   Chases the Royalist fleet from Kinsale to Lisbon & Cartagena where it is destroyed 1650 Commander Cromwell, Oliver   Cromwell is appointed Fairax's successor, "captain-general and commander-in-chief of all the forces raised or to be raised at authority of Parliament within the Commonwealth of England" 1650 Kings Arms Cromwell, Oliver   Orders removal of the Kings Arms & replacing it with the Arms of the Commonwealth 1650 Civil War England Graham, James  Mar Lands with an invasion force on the Orkneys  April Arrives at Thurso with the intention of joining up with the Mackenzies in Inverness  April Arrives at Thurso with the intention of joining up with the Mackenzies in Inverness 1650 Invasion of Scotland Charles II  April Montrose lands from the Orkneys with 1,500 in the service of Charles II 1650 Siege of Caithness Charles II  April Montrose lands from the Orkneys with 1,500 in the service of Charles II 1650 Civil War England Graham, James  April 25th Reaches Strath Oykel waiting to be joined by the Monroes & Rosses  April 25th Reaches Strath Oykel waiting to be joined by the Monroes & Rosses  April 27th Defeated by a royalist cavalry led by Colonel Strachan 1650 Battle of Clonmel Ireland Cromwell, Oliver  May 17th Cromwell's 8000 men eventually take the town from its 1000 Irish defenders, but not before they suffer heavy losses 1650 Siege of Clonmel Cromwell, Oliver  May 17th Cromwell's men are trapped by Hugh Dubh O'Neill, 2,500 are killed 1650 Civil War England Graham, James  May 20th Charles II does not defend him because he tries to win the support of the Covenantors 1650 Invasion of Scotland Lambert, John  June 28th Crosses the Scottish border with an invasion force led by Cromwell 1650 Siege of Edinburgh Cromwell, Oliver  Sep Begins the siege of Edinburgh after victory at Dunbar 1650 Civil War England Leslie, Alexander  Sep 1st Persues Cromwell & that evening posts the Scots at Doon Hill about 2 miles from Dunbar 1650 Battle of Dunbar Cromwell, Oliver  Sep 2nd Writes "Out lying here daily consumeth our men who fall sick beyond imagination" 1650 Battle of Dunbar Lambert, John  Sep 2nd Convinces the Council of War that the Scots are vulnerable at Dunbar 1650 Mobilization Monck, George  Sep 2nd Advises Crowmell of a way of attacking the Scots 1650 Battle of Dunbar Cromwell, Oliver  Sep 3rd After the battle Cromwell is in control of southern Scotland & the route to Edinburgh  Sep 3rd Defeats a Scottish Army of 22,000 with 3,500 horse & 7,500 foot of his own, 3,000 killed to the Roundheads 30 killed 1650 Battle of Dunbar Fleetwood, Charles  Sep 3rd Helps Cromwell defeat the Scottish Army 1650 Battle of Dunbar Lambert, John  Sep 3rd Leads a cavalry charge leaving the Scots with 3,000 killed to the Roundhead's 30 1650 Battle of Dunbar Monck, George  Sep 3rd Commands a brigade of Foot 1650 Battle of Dunbar Overton, Robert  Sep 3rd Overton commands a brigade of Foot at the battle of Dunbar 1650 Battle of Dunbar Pride, Thomas  Sep 3rd Commands a brigade of Foot 1650 Civil War England Leslie, Alexander  Sep 3rd Defeated despite having a force of 22,000, a 2:1 advantage 1650 Siege of Edinburgh Cromwell, Oliver  Dec 24th The garrison at Edinburgh surrenders to Cromwell 1651 Adviser Hyde, Edward   Appointed Chief Adviser to Charles II in exile 1651 Adviser Hyde   Appointed Chief Adviser to Charles II in exile 1651 Capture of Jersey Charles II   The last Royalist stronghold in England surrenders to the Commonwealth 1651 Capture of Scilly Isles Blake, Robert   Captures the Scilly Isles 1651 Commander Massey, John   Appointed Commander of the English forces for the Royalists 1651 Council State Blake, Robert   Appointed Member of the Council of State 1651 Death Stanley, James   Executed after being captured at the battle of Worcester 1651 Execution Stanley, James   Executed after being captured at the Battle of Worcester 1651 General Middleton, John   Appointed General of the Horse for the Royalists 1651 Rebellion Monck, George   Sent to Scotland to subdue the Scottish forces mobilizing for Charles II 1651 Rebellion Morgan, Robert   2nd in command to Monck   Sent to Scotland to subdue the Scottish forces mobilizing for Charles II 1651 Siege of Jersey Blake, Robert   Lands with a Parliamentary invasion force & captures Jersey 1651 Siege of Jersey Carteret, George   Makes a stand against Parliament but Jersey falls by the end of the year 1651 Commander Charles II  Jan 1st Appointed Commander-in-Chief, Scottish Army 1651 Siege of Leicester Pye, Robert  May 30th Overwhelmed by royalistds to divert Parliamentary forces from the stronghold of Oxford 1651 Arrest Lambert, John  July Takes the Scots comannder, John Browne, prisoner 1651 Battle of Inverkeithing Lambert, John  July Defeats the Scots during Cromwell's siege of Stirling  July Takes the Scots comannder, John Browne, prisoner 1651 Siege of Stirling Cromwell, Oliver  July Conducts the siege of Stirling 1651 Invasion of England Charles II  July 13th Crosses the Border into England with a mainly Presbyterian force to restore the throne 1651 Battle of Warrington Charles II  Aug Manages to cross the Mersey at Warrington 1651 Battle of Warrington Stanley, James  Aug Joins up with Charles II from the Isle of Man, with a modest force of 250 foot 1651 Battle of Worcester Lilburne, John  Aug Ordered by Cromwell to intercept the Earl of Derby on his march to Worcester 1651 Battle of Worcester Massey, John  Aug Destroys most of the Bridges surrounding Worcester to defend it for the Royalists 1651 Invasion of England Lambert, John  Aug Sent by Cromwell to harass the Scottish invasion Army headed by Charles II 1651 Siege of London Fleetwood, Charles  Aug Prepares the defences of London after Charles II leads an invasion force into England 1651 Siege of Stirling Monck, George  Aug Ordered by Cromwell to take charge of the siege & capture Stirling 1651 Siege of Perth Cromwell, Oliver  Aug 2nd Perth surrenders to Cromwell 1651 Siege of Stirling Cromwell, Oliver  Aug 4th Cromwell leads an Army across the Forth 1651 Invasion of England Charles II  Aug 6th Crosses the border into England at the head of an Army of 14,000 1651 Proclamation Sovereignty Charles II  Aug 6th Proclaimed as sovereign of England & offers a pardon to all who join him 1651 Mobilization Harrison, Thomas  Aug 13th Lambert & Harrison join sth of Preston before the Scots join the Cheshire militia 1651 Mobilization Lambert, John  Aug 13th Lambert & Harrison join sth of Preston before the Scots join the Cheshire militia 1651 Battle of Worcester Charles II  Aug 22nd Arrives at the Royalist town of Worcester which clears the garrison for him  Aug 22nd Arrives with a force of 16,000 men  Aug 23rd Enters Worcester unopposed 1651 Mobilization Cromwell, Oliver  Aug 24th Joins forces with Lambert & Harrison at Warwick 1651 Battle of Sedan Lillburne, John  Aug 25th Eliminates most of the Earl of Derby's forces 1651 Battle of Sedan Stanley, James  Aug 25th Most of Derby's forces are eliminated, Derby joins Charles II at Worcester 1651 Battle of Worcester Cromwell, Oliver  Aug 27th Cromwell, Lambert & Fleetwood command 31,000  Aug 27th Worcester is blocked off at the south & east & forces move to block off the north  Aug 27th Writes a letter saying that the enemy within Worcester "will have to fight or die" 1651 Mobilization Cromwell, Oliver  Aug 27th Arrives 15 miles sth west of Worcester at the head of an army of 28,000 1651 Mobilization Fleetwood, Charles  Aug 27th Joins forces with Cromwell, 15 miles sth west of Worcester, a combined force of 28,000 1651 Capture of Upton Bridge Lambert, John  Aug 28th Captures Upton Bridge enabling Cromwell to advance on both banks of the Severn 1651 Battle of Worcester Charles II  Aug 29th A Council of War decides to attack Red Hill 1651 Battle of Worcester Cromwell, Oliver  Aug 29th Has Worcester surrounded & starts pounding the Royalists 1651 Battle of Worcester Middleton, John  Aug 29th Attacks Parliament's forces on Red Hill which had begun shelling Worcester 1651 Battle of Worcester Charles II  Sep 3rd Attempts a "break out" from Worcester against Cromwell but is forced back  Sep 3rd Charles is forced to go into hiding then escape from England  Sep 3rd Leads a force of 16,000 against Cromwell's force of 30,000 1651 Battle of Worcester Cromwell, Oliver  Sep 3rd Begins the attack on Worcester 12 months to the day after the battle of Dunbar  Sep 3rd Drives Charles II out of England to France  Sep 3rd Leads 30,000 including 20,000 from the New Model Army to victory against Charles II 1651 Battle of Worcester Deane, Richard  Sep 3rd Leads a Parliamentary force up the River Severn prior to the Battle of Worcester 1651 Battle of Worcester Fleetwood, Charles  Sep 3rd Forces Charles II's Scottish allies back into the confines of Worcester  Sep 3rd Leads a Parliamentary force across the River Teme prior to the Battle of Worcester 1651 Battle of Worcester Lambert, John  Sep 3rd Helps defeats the Scots & Royalists 1651 Battle of Worcester Pride, Thomas  Sep 3rd Commands a Parliamentary regiment in a victory over the Royalists 1651 Battle of Worcester Stanley, James  Sep 3rd Captured during the Battle of Worcester supporting Charles I 1651 Exile Charles II  Sep 7th Joined in Aachen by his sister, the recently widowed Princess Mary  Sep 7th Leaves France, which resumes relations with England, for Aachen  Sep 17th Flees to France in a State of destitution  Oct 15th Leaves England on a hired boat, The Surprise, from Shoreham  Oct 15th On the run for 6 weeks after the battle of Worcester 1653 Rebellion Lillburne, Robert   Sent to Scotland to subdue the Scottish forces mobilizing for Charles II 1653 Sealed Knot Charles II   Supports a conspiratorial royalist society in England called the Sealed Knot 1653 Alliance Charles II  Mar Sends General Middleton to support the Scottish clans who declared loyalty to the King 1653 Alliance Middleton  Mar Sent to support the Scottish clans who declared loyalty to the King 1655 Rebellion Charles II   A splinter of the Sealed Knot plan a royalist Coup which collapses 1655 Capture of Salisbury Penruddock, John  Mar 12th Captures Salisbury with the Action Party to restore the throne for Charles II 1656 Alliance Charles II  Mar Negiates with the Spanish Governor Don Juan for an Alliance with Spain 1658 Restoration Fairfax, Thomas   Supports the restoration of a Constitutional monarchy 1659 Battle of Winnington Bridge Booth, George   Sir George Booth's troops are routed by Lambert at the Battle of Winnington Bridge, the last battle of the English civil war 1659 Battle of Winnington Bridge Lambert, John   Sir George Booth's troops are routed by Lambert at the Battle of Winnington Bridge, the last battle of the English civil war 1659 Restoration Fairfax, Thomas   Charles II the "merry monarch, scandalous and poor", is glad to obey the summons, and Fairfax provides the horse on which Charles rides at his coronation   A "free" Parliament is called; Fairfax is elected member for Yorkshire, and is put at the head of the commission appointed by the House of Commons to wait upon Charles II, at the Hague and urges his speedy return 1659 Committee Safety Lambert, John  Oct 13th Lambert expells the Rump Parliament & institutes military rule through a Committee of Safety 1659 Constitution Lambert, John  Oct 13th Lambert expells the Rump Parliament & institutes military rule through a Committee of Safety 1659 Parliament Lambert, John  Oct 13th Lambert expells the Rump Parliament & institutes military rule through a Committee of Safety  Dec 26th The Navy mutinied & declared for the Rump, support for Lambert collapsed & the Rump Parliament resumes its sittings 1659 Rebellion Lambert, John  Dec 26th The Navy mutinied & declared for the Rump, support for Lambert collapsed & the Rump Parliament resumes its sittings 1671 Death Montagu, Edward  May 5th Death of Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester

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