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| 1599 | Birth
Cromwell, Oliver |  |
| April 25th | Birth of Oliver Cromwell |
| 1616 | Education
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Sent to Sidney Sussex College but leaves after the death of his father a year later |
| 1620 | Marriage
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Marries Elizabeth Bourchier |
| 1628 | Member of Parliament
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Elected Member of Parliament for Huntingdon |
| 1631 | St Ives
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Cromwell & his family live in St Ives, 1631-1636 |
| 1640 | Member of Parliament
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Elected Member of Parliament for Huntingdon |
| 1640 | Reform
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Moves the 2nd reading of the Bill for annual Parliaments |
| 1641 | Rebellion
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Challenges the right of the King to command the army during a crisis |
| | Moves in Parliament the Trained Bands be placed under Essex during the rebellion |
| | Challenges the right of the King to command the army during a crisis |
| | Moves in Parliament the Trained Bands be placed under the Earl of Essex |
| 1641 | Episcopacy
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May 12th | Cromwell & Vane introduce an Act for the abolition of episcopacy |
| 1642 | Ironsides
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Combines strict discipline & religious enthusiasm |
| | Forms the Ironsides Regiment after the battle of Edgehill |
| 1642 | Rebellion
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Reports in Parliament the dangers of a Papist rising led by the Marquis of Worcester |
| | Reports in Parliament the dangers of a Papist rising led by the Marquis of Worcester |
| 1642 | Siege of King's Coll
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Leads an army into Kings College Cambridge & siezes plate worth œ20,000 |
| 1642 | Cambridge Volunteers
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| July 15th | Moves in Parliament he be authorized to raise two companies of volunteers in Cambridge |
| 1642 | Captain
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Aug 28th | Appointed Captain of a troop of horse he musters at Huntingdon |
| Aug 28th | Appointed Captain of Horse |
| 1642 | Battle of Edgehill
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Oct 23rd | Captain of troop of horse at the battle of Edgehill |
| 1643 | County Associations
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Counties are inefficient for managing armies so County Associations are formed |
| 1643 | Plantations Committee
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Appointed Member of the Committee of Plantations |
| 1643 | Reform
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Counties are inefficient for managing armies so County Associations are formed |
| 1643 | Battle of Grantham
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May 13th | 1st victory for Cromwell & the Eastern association |
| 1643 | Siege of Burghley
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| July 24th | Leads a successful Siege in Northamptonshire against the Countess of Essex |
| 1643 | Battle of Gainsborough
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| July 28th | Wins a victory over Royalist forces |
| 1643 | Governor
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| July 28th | Receives news from Parliament that he has been appointed Governor of the Isle of Ely |
| 1643 | Conscription
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Aug 10th | Parliament issues instructions for the impressment of 22,000 in London & the east |
| 1643 | Mobilization
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Aug 10th | Parliament issues instructions for the impressment of 22,000 in London & the east |
| Aug 10th | Parliament issues instructions for the impressment of 22,000 in London & the east |
| 1643 | Alliance
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Sep 25th | Parliament promises to protect Scottish Presbyterianism |
| | Helps form an Alliance between Scotland & Parliament |
| 1644 | Both Kingdoms
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Appointed Member of the Committee of Both Kingdoms |
| | Appointed Member of the Committee of Both Kingdoms |
| 1644 | Independents
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Appointed Leader of the Independents |
| 1644 | Reform
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Leads an Army sect demanding religious toleration & prosecution of criminals |
| 1644 | Second in Command
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Appointed 2nd-in-Command of the Parliamentary Army |
| | Appointed 2nd-in-Command of the Parliamentary Army |
| 1644 | Lieutenant
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Feb 5th | Signs the Covenant enabling him to take up the position of Lieutenant Colonel |
| Feb 5th | Signs the Covenant enabling him to take up the position of Lieutenant Colonel |
| 1644 | Battle of Marston Moor
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| July 2nd | Cromwell's first major victory, personally commands 2,500 men |
| July 2nd | Defeats the Royalists near York, leaving 4,000 dead & taking 1,500 prisoners |
| July 2nd | Sweeps away Goring's horse by attacking the Royalists from the rear |
| 1644 | Siege of York
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| July 4th | Resumes the Siege of York after victory at Marston Moor |
| 1644 | Capture of York
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| July 16th | Leads the "Ironsides" & captures York |
| 1644 | Capture of Newcastle
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Oct 16th | Commander of the "Ironsides" during Parliament's capture of Newcastle |
| 1644 | Council of War
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Nov 10th | Advises a military defeat of the King after Manchester fails to persue him in battle |
| 1645 | Independents
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Leads the Independents, a sect demanding religious toleration & prosecution of the war |
| 1645 | New Model Army
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Modeled after Cromwell's Ironsides |
| | Persuades Parliament to adopt a new militia, maintained by impressment & taxation |
| | The Committee of Both Kingdoms recommends a new army of 22,000 run by Parliament |
| | The New Model Army is created by Oliver Cromwell & Thomas Fairfax |
| 1645 | Siege of Oxford
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Besieges Oxford to prevent Charles I joining up with Prince Maurice & Prince Rupert |
| 1645 | Lieutenant
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Jan 22nd | Appointed 2nd-in-Command for Manchester |
| Jan 22nd | Appointed Lieutenant-General of the Horse & Foot |
| Jan 22nd | Appointed Lieutenant-General of the Horse & Foot |
| 1645 | Surrender
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Mar 14th | Sir Ralph Hopton signs articles of surrender at Exeter |
| Mar 14th | The Royalists are defeated in the West, only Oxford remains as a serious threat |
| 1645 | 2nd in Command
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| April 3rd | Appointed 2nd-in-Command of the New Model Army |
| 1645 | Dismissal
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| April 3rd | Removes the existing Generals |
| 1645 | Lieutenant
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| April 3rd | Fairfax succeeds Essex as Captain-General & Cromwell becomes Lt General |
| April 3rd | Fairfax succeeds Essex as Captain-General & Cromwell becomes Lt General |
| 1645 | Self Denying Ordinance
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| April 3rd | All MPs except Cromwell must relinquish military commissions within 40 days |
| April 3rd | Creates a New Model Army becoming 2nd-in-Command under Sir Thomas Fairfax |
| April 3rd | Removes the existing Generals |
| 1645 | Battle of Islip
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| April 24th | Cromwell defeats Northumberland at Islip |
| 1645 | Battle of Faringdon House
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| April 29th | Cromwell is repulsed at Faringdon House |
| 1645 | Battle of Faringdon
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May 2nd | Defeated by Goring during a minor skirmish |
| May 2nd | Defeated in battle by the Earl of Norwich, George Goring |
| 1645 | Siege of Oxford
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May 7th | Charles I & Goring evade Cromwell's forces & manage to leave Oxford |
| 1645 | Mobilization
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May 19th | Advances to Kenilworth but orderred to retreat by the Parliamentary Committee |
| May 19th | Joins forces with Fairfax at Nuneham near Oxford |
| May 22nd | Obeys Parliament & joins up with Fairfax in Oxford |
| 1645 | Battle of Preston
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May 31st | The 1st battle over which Cromwell has independent command |
| May 31st | Wins victory over the Scots under Hamilton |
| 1645 | Battle of Worcester
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May 31st | Royalist victory, diverts Fairfax from Oxford, Charles then proceeds safely to Oxford |
| 1645 | Mobilization
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May 31st | Arrives in Cambridge to gather 3,000 horse & reinforce the Eastern Association |
| 1645 | Commander
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| June 10th | The Commons approves Cromwell's appointment as 2nd in Command of the New Model Army |
| June 10th | The Commons approves Cromwell's appointment as 2nd in Command of the New Model Army |
| 1645 | Lieutenant
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| June 10th | The Commons approves Cromwell's appointment as Lieutenant General of the Horse |
| 1645 | Mobilization
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| June 11th | Intent on joining up with Fairfax to expel Charles I from the Midlands |
| June 12th | Cromwell joins forces with Fairfax & Parliament has an Army of more than 13,000 men |
| 1645 | Battle of Naseby
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| June 14th | Advises Fairfax to occupy high ground & tempt a Royalist charge across the marshes |
| June 14th | Commands the cavalry to the right of centre |
| June 14th | Contributes to Charles' downfall & the ascendancy of Cromwell & the independents |
| June 14th | Parliamentary victory, Charles has 7,500 men & Parliamentary forces number 13,500 |
| 1645 | Siege of Oxford
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| June 15th | Establishes an HQ in Holton to prepare for the Siege of Oxford |
| June 20th | The garrison in Oxford surrenders to Cromwell |
| 1645 | Battle of Hambledon Hill
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Aug 4th | Cromwell routs Dorsetshire clubmen at Hambledon Hill |
| 1645 | Siege of Bristol
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Sep | Present at Keynsham during Parliament's Siege of Bristol |
| Sep | Present at Stapleton at Fairfax's HQ during Parliament's Siege of Bristol |
| 1645 | Battle of Bristol
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Sep 10th | Defeats Prince Rupert & captures Bristol |
| Sep 10th | Prince Rupert is forced to return to Oxford, his forces intact |
| 1645 | Capture of Bristol
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Sep 10th | Defeats Prince Rupert & captures Bristol |
| 1645 | Siege of Bristol
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Sep 10th | Commands Parliament's action around Prior's Hill fort |
| Sep 10th | Defeats Prince Rupert & captures Bristol |
| 1645 | Battle of Devizes
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Sep 25th | Cromwell captures Devizes |
| 1645 | Battle of Winchester
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Sep 28th | Cromwell captures Winchester |
| 1645 | Battle of Basingstoke
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Oct 13th | Defeats the Marquise of Winchester |
| Oct 13th | Secures the last major obstacle between London & the West Country |
| 1646 | Peace
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| April 25th | Announces the King's peace offer to the Independents who refuse to respond |
| 1646 | Escape
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| April 29th | The escape of the King from Oxford is announced in Parliament |
| 1646 | Surrender
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May 6th | The surrender of the King to the Scots in Newark is announced in Parliament |
| 1647 | Arrest
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Orders the abduction of Charles II at Holmby |
| 1647 | Mobilization
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Flees Parliament & joins an Army with 100 members of the House of Commons |
| 1647 | Siege of London
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Aug 6th | Enters London with an Army & forces Parliament to take him & the other MPs back |
| 1648 | Constitution
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Before the execution of Charles I the Commons makes itself the highest body |
| | Agrees Parliament's decision to cease Constitutional negotiations with the King |
| | Fails to persuade Charles to accept Constitutional limitations on monarchy |
| 1648 | Battle of Winwick Pass
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Aug 19th | Fighting in the fields outside the town of Preston, the English Parliamentarian forces of Oliver Cromwell inflict a major reverse on the Anglo-Scottish Royalist army of the Duke of Hamilton |
| 1648 | Rump Parliament
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Dec | In the wake of the ejections from the Long Parliament, the remnant, the Rump Parliament, arranges for the trial and execution of Charles I |
| 1648 | Long Parliament
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Dec 6th | Divisions emerge culminating in Pride's Purge when, under the orders of Oliver Cromwell's son-in-law Henry Ireton, Colonel Pride physically bars about half of the members of Parliament from taking their seats |
| 1648 | Pride's Purge
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Dec 6th | Divisions emerge culminating in Pride's Purge when, under the orders of Oliver Cromwell's son-in-law Henry Ireton, Colonel Pride physically bars about half of the members of Parliament from taking their seats |
| 1649 | Chairman
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Appointed Chairman of the Council of State |
| 1649 | Commander
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Appointed Commander-in-Chief |
| 1649 | Commonwealth
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | The Rump Parliament is responsible for the setting up of the Commonwealth of England |
| 1649 | Lord Lieutenant
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland |
| 1649 | Oath
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | "be true & faithful to the Commonwealth of England, without a King or House of Lords" |
| 1649 | Rebellion
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | After the bloodshed of Drogheda Dundalk surrenders without residtance |
| | Accepts the surrnder of New Ross |
| | After the bloodshed of Drogheda Trim surrenders without residtance |
| 1649 | Reform
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | The name of the Kings Bench is changed to the Upper Bench |
| 1649 | Rump Parliament
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | The Rump Parliament is responsible for the setting up of the Commonwealth of England |
| 1649 | Execution
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Jan 26th | One of the signatories of Charles I's death warrant |
| 1649 | Reform
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Feb | A committee including Cromwell revises the lists of JP's throughout England & Wales |
| 1649 | Chairman
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Feb 14th | Appointed Chairman of the Council of State |
| 1649 | Constitution
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Feb 14th | A Council of State becomes an executive over the House of Commons |
| Mar | The House of Lords is abolished |
| Mar | The monarchy is abolished |
| 1649 | House of Lords
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Mar | The House of Lords is abolished |
| 1649 | Constitution
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Mar 19th | The Commons abolishes the House of Lords, against Cromwell's will |
| 1649 | Commonwealth
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May 19th | Parliament declares England a commonwealth with supreme authority in the Commons |
| 1649 | Constitution
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May 19th | Parliament declares England a commonwealth with supreme authority in the Commons |
| 1649 | Declaration of Commonwealth
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May 19th | Parliament declares England a commonwealth with supreme authority in the Commons |
| 1649 | Parliament
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May 19th | Parliament declares England a commonwealth with supreme authority in the Commons |
| 1649 | Reform
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May 19th | Parliament declares England a commonwealth with supreme authority in the Commons |
| 1649 | Rebellion
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Aug 15th | Cromwell is in Ireland from 1649 to 26th May 1650 |
| Aug 15th | Cromwell lands in Ireland with 20,000 men |
| Aug 15th | Cromwell lands in Ireland with 20,000 men, in Ireland from 1649 to 26th May 1650 |
| Aug 15th | Hopes to liberate Ireland from Irish "barbarity" & catholic "hypocrisy" |
| Aug 15th | Hopes to liberate Ireland from royalist "misrule" |
| Sep 10th | Aston refuses to surrender, Cromwell says he is not responsible for the bloodshed |
| Sep 11th | 1st day of the assault on Drogheda but Cromwell is forced to make a temporary retreat |
| Sep 11th | Launches a policy of terror to prevent the "effusion of blood" |
| Sep 11th | More that 3,500 defenders of Drogheda are killed, including 1,000 civilians |
| Sep 11th | Orders a massacre of 1,500, including English Royalists, civilians & Catholic priests |
| Oct | Orders the massacre of Wexford |
| Oct 1st | Cromwell arrives outside Wexford with 7,000 foot & 2,000 horse |
| Oct 3rd | Requests Wexford to surrender but Sinnott refuses & waits for reinforcements |
| Oct 11th | Cromwell occupies Wexford Castle & 1,500 in Wexford are massacred |
| Oct 11th | Stafford surrenders Wexford Castle to Cromwell |
| Oct 30th | Set aside as a day of thanksgiving for the surrender of Drogheda |
| 1650 | Commander
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Cromwell is appointed Fairax's successor, "captain-general and commander-in-chief of all the forces raised or to be raised at authority of Parliament within the Commonwealth of England" |
| | Cromwell is appointed Fairax's successor, "captain-general and commander-in-chief of all the forces raised or to be raised at authority of Parliament within the Commonwealth of England" |
| | Cromwell is appointed Fairax's successor, "captain-general and commander-in-chief of all the forces raised or to be raised at authority of Parliament within the Commonwealth of England" |
| 1650 | Kings Arms
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Orders removal of the Kings Arms & replacing it with the Arms of the Commonwealth |
| 1650 | Battle of Clonmel
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May 17th | Cromwell's 8000 men eventually take the town from its 1000 Irish defenders, but not before they suffer heavy losses |
| 1650 | Siege of Clonmel
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May 17th | Cromwell's men are trapped by Hugh Dubh O'Neill, 2,500 are killed |
| 1650 | Invasion of Scotland
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| June 28th | Sets off with a force to invade Scotland |
| July 22nd | Crosses the Scottish border at the head of an Army of 16,000 |
| Aug 30th | Holds a council of war & decides to retreat to Dunbar & fortify the town |
| 1650 | Siege of Dunbar
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Aug 30th | Decides to Fortify Dunbar in the hope of provoking Leslie into battle |
| Aug 30th | Holds a council of war & decides to retreat to Dunbar & fortify the town |
| 1650 | Battle of Haddington
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Aug 31st | Marches to Haddington persued by Leslie who puts Cromwell's rearguard into disorder |
| 1650 | Siege of Edinburgh
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Sep | Begins the Siege of Edinburgh after victory at Dunbar |
| 1650 | Siege of Dunbar
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Sep 1st | Offers the Scots battle, they refuse & Cromwell falls back to Dunbar |
| 1650 | Battle of Dunbar
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Sep 2nd | Writes "Out lying here daily consumeth our men who fall sick beyond imagination" |
| Sep 3rd | After the battle Cromwell is in control of southern Scotland & the route to Edinburgh |
| Sep 3rd | Defeats a Scottish Army of 22,000 with 3,500 horse & 7,500 foot of his own, 3,000 killed to the Roundheads 30 killed |
| 1650 | Siege of Edinburgh
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Dec 24th | The garrison at Edinburgh surrenders to Cromwell |
| 1651 | Council of State
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Feb 14th | The Council of State is established by Act of Parliament as a ruling body |
| Mar 14th | The Council of State's 14 members are elected, including Cromwell |
| 1651 | Constitution
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Mar 17th | The Monarchy is abolished |
| Mar 19th | The House of Lords is abolished, Cromwell wished to keep it as an advisory body |
| 1651 | House of Lords
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Mar 19th | The House of Lords is abolished, Cromwell wished to keep it as an advisory body |
| 1651 | Reform
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May | The Commonwealth is formerly enacted by Parliament |
| 1651 | Siege of Stirling
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| July | Conducts the Siege of Stirling |
| 1651 | Siege of Perth
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Aug 2nd | Perth surrenders to Cromwell |
| 1651 | Siege of Stirling
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Aug 4th | Cromwell leads an Army across the Forth |
| 1651 | Mobilization
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Aug 24th | Joins forces with Lambert & Harrison at Warwick |
| 1651 | Battle of Worcester
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Aug 27th | Cromwell, Lambert & Fleetwood command 31,000 |
| Aug 27th | Worcester is blocked off at the south & east & forces move to block off the north |
| Aug 27th | Writes a letter saying that the enemy within Worcester "will have to fight or die" |
| 1651 | Mobilization
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Aug 27th | Arrives 15 miles sth west of Worcester at the head of an army of 28,000 |
| 1651 | Battle of Worcester
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Aug 29th | Has Worcester surrounded & starts pounding the Royalists |
| Sep 3rd | Begins the attack on Worcester 12 months to the day after the battle of Dunbar |
| Sep 3rd | Drives Charles II out of England to France |
| Sep 3rd | Leads 30,000 including 20,000 from the New Model Army to victory against Charles II |
| 1651 | Parliament
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Sep 17th | Dissolution of the "Rump Parliament" is debated by a committe set up for the purpose |
| 1651 | Reform
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Oct 9th | Anti-Dutch Legislation forbids importation by by Dutch shipping |
| 1651 | Constitution
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Dec | Decides it is necessary for a "settlement of the nation" & a Constitution |
| 1652 | Rebellion
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Suppresses the Irish rebellion |
| 1652 | Siege of Dunettar
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | The final capitulation of the scattered Royalist strongholds |
| 1652 | Legislation
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Feb | The Act of Indemnity, for acts of treason before the battle of Worcester |
| Feb | The Act of Indemnity, for acts of treason before the battle of Worcester |
| 1652 | Pardon
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Feb | The Act of Indemnity, for acts of treason before the battle of Worcester |
| 1652 | Reform
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| April 29th | Votes for the preservation of the tithe |
| Aug | Anti-English are liable to lose land & be deported |
| Aug | Irishmen who have killed an Englishman except in war will be executed & lose estates |
| Aug | The Act of Settlement is passed |
| 1652 | Hyde Park
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Dec 1st | Cromwell sells Hyde Park to 3 buyes for œ17,000, an entrance fee is required |
| 1653 | Constitution
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | After the dissolution of the Barebone's Parliament, John Lambert puts forward a new Constitution known as the Instrument of Government, closely modelled on the Heads of Proposals, it makes Cromwell Lord Protector for life |
| 1653 | Instrument of Government
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | After the dissolution of the Barebone's Parliament, John Lambert puts forward a new Constitution known as the Instrument of Government, closely modelled on the Heads of Proposals, it makes Cromwell Lord Protector for life |
| 1653 | Parliament
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | The Rump Parliament is replaced by a Puritan Parliament |
| | Calls a Puritan Convention which is nicknamed the Barebones Parliament |
| | Dissolves the Rump Parliament |
| 1653 | Rump Parliament
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Oliver Cromwell forcibly disbands the Rump when it seems they might disband his expensive army of 50,000 men |
| 1653 | Constitution
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| April 19th | Cromwell holds a Conference to discuss a new provisional Government |
| 1653 | Provisional Government
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| April 19th | Cromwell holds a Conference to discuss a new provisional Government |
| 1653 | Constitution
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| April 20th | The Council of State is dissolved, the army is left in power |
| 1653 | Council of State
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| April 20th | The Council of State is dissolved, the army is left in power |
| 1653 | Parliament
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| April 20th | Enters the Commons & forcefully expels the Rump Parliament |
| Dec 12th | The Barebones Parliament is forcefully dissolved |
| 1653 | Constitution
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Dec 16th | As Protector, Cromwell has the power to call and dissolve parliaments but is obliged under the Instrument of Government to seek the majority vote of a Council of State |
| Dec 16th | Cromwell accepts the position of Lord Protector |
| 1653 | Instrument of Government
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Dec 16th | As Protector, Cromwell has the power to call and dissolve parliaments but is obliged under the Instrument of Government to seek the majority vote of a Council of State |
| 1653 | Lord Protector
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Dec 16th | Appointed Lord Protector |
| Dec 16th | As Protector, Cromwell has the power to call and dissolve parliaments but is obliged under the Instrument of Government to seek the majority vote of a Council of State |
| Dec 16th | Cromwell signs his name 'Oliver P', standing for Oliver Protector - in a similar style to that used by English monarchs - and it soon becomes the norm for others to address him as "Your highness" |
| 1654 | Diplomacy
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Appoints Cornelius Vermuyden for an Alliance with the Dutch & divide the world |
| 1654 | Lord Protector
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Appointed Lord Protector in the Court of Chancery, Westminster Hall |
| 1654 | Parliament
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Sep | The Proctorate Parliament meets for the 1st time |
| Sep 3rd | Cromwell stresses the quest to restore order in his speech to the first Protectorate parliament at its inaugural meeting |
| 1654 | Constitution
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Nov 18th | Calls sovereignty, "a feather in the hat" |
| 1654 | Diplomacy
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Nov 18th | Hosts a Conference with the Dutch but fails to gain union between the 2 countries |
| 1655 | Capture of West Indies
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Captures the West Indies from Spain |
| 1655 | Constitution
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Begins the Major-Generals' military rule in districts throughout England |
| | The 15 major generals and deputy major generals - called "godly governors" - are central not only to national security, but Cromwell's crusade to reform the nation's morals |
| | The generals not only supervise militia forces and security commissions, but collect taxes and ensure support for the Government in the English and Welsh provinces |
| 1655 | Diplomacy
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Agrees a commercial treaty with France |
| | A secret clause with France provides for expulsion of Charles II from France |
| | A secret clause with France provides for expulsion of Condean insurgents from England |
| | England & France agree not to help rebels in the other's country |
| | The Spanish King orders withdrawal of his Ambassador after Cromwell invades Jamaica |
| 1655 | Invasion of Jamaica
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | The Spanish King orders withdrawal of his Ambassador after Cromwell invades Jamaica |
| 1655 | Launch
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Launches the 1,000 to warship Naseby |
| 1655 | Navy
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Throughout the Interegnum there will be 5 warships pa, an unprecedented number |
| 1655 | Parliament
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Dissolves Parliament & places ten major generals over ten districts of England |
| 1655 | Rebellion
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Cromwell suppresses the Penruddock Rising |
| 1655 | Taxation
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | A tithe of 10% of Royalist income to pay militias to keep down royalist insurrection |
| 1655 | Parliament
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Jan | The Proctorate Parliament is dissolved after 5 months |
| Jan 22nd | Parliament worked on a radical programme of Constitutional reform but rather than oppose Parliament Cromwell dissolves it |
| 1655 | Constitution
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Mar | After a royalist uprising in March 1655, led by Sir John Penruddock, Cromwell (influenced by Lambert) divided England into military districts ruled by Army Major-Generals who answered only to him. |
| 1655 | Rebellion
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Mar | After a royalist uprising in March 1655, led by Sir John Penruddock, Cromwell (influenced by Lambert) divided England into military districts ruled by Army Major-Generals who answered only to him. |
| 1655 | Mobilization
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Aug 9th | Orders Major-Generals be appointed to control local militias |
| 1655 | Reform
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Aug 9th | Orders Major-Generals be appointed to control local militias |
| 1656 | Declaration of War
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Declares War against Spain |
| 1656 | Diplomacy
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Portugal ratifies a commercial treaty with England |
| 1656 | Plot
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Charles II offers a knighthood & œ500 pension pa to anyone who would kill Cromwell |
| 1656 | Parliament
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Sep 17th | The 2nd Proctorate Parliament opens |
| 1657 | Capture of Dunkirk
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | It is agreed France will capture Gravelines & England will capture Dunkirk & Mardyck |
| 1657 | Capture of Gravelines
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | It is agreed France will capture Gravelines & England will capture Dunkirk & Mardyck |
| 1657 | Capture of Mardyck
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | It is agreed France will capture Gravelines & England will capture Dunkirk & Mardyck |
| 1657 | Diplomacy
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Signs a treaty of Alliance with France |
| | England will provide a fleet & 6,000 men & France 20,000 men against Spain in Flanders |
| 1657 | Constitution
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Mar | Cromwell is offered the crown by Parliament as part of a revised Constitutional settlement, presenting him with a dilemma, since he had been "instrumental" in abolishing the monarchy, Cromwell agonises for six weeks over the offer |
| April 13th | Makes clear that God's providence had spoken against his office of king, "I would not seek to set up that which Providence hath destroyed and laid in the dust, and I would not build Jericho again" |
| 1657 | Humble Petition
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May 8th | Cromwell rejects the Humble Petition |
| 1657 | Kingship
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May 8th | Cromwell rejects the offer of the Kingship |
| 1657 | Succession
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May 8th | Cromwell rejects the offer of the Kingship |
| May 8th | Announces he will not accept the title of King |
| 1657 | Investiture
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May 25th | Agrees to Parliaments proposal that he should be invested as Lord Protector |
| 1657 | Constitution
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| May 26th | Cromwell is installed as Lord Protector under a new Constitution |
| 1657 | Investiture
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| June 26th | Invested as Lord Protector in Westminster Hall, where Charles I was tried 8 yrs prior |
| 1657 | Lord Protector
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| June 26th | Cromwell is ceremonially re-installed as Lord Protector (with greater powers than had previously been granted him under this title) at Westminster Hall, sitting upon King Edward's Chair which was specially moved from Westminster Abbey |
| 1658 | Diplomacy
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | Sends 6,000 Ironsides to join up with Turenne's army of 20,000 |
| 1658 | Constitution
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Mar 11th | The Upper House will consist of 70 members nominated by Cromwell |
| 1658 | Reform
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Mar 11th | The Upper House will have 70 members nominated by Cromwell to balance the Commons |
| 1658 | Constitution
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| June 11th | An Upper House is established by a Bill passed by Parliament |
| 1658 | Legislation
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| June 11th | An Upper House is established by a Bill passed by Parliament |
| 1658 | Battle of Dunes, The
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| June 14th | Victory for the French & English over the Spanish |
| 1658 | Capture of Dunkirk
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| June 14th | Dunkirk is surrendered |
| June 14th | England captures Dunkirk from Spain |
| 1658 | Rule of Dunkirk
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| June 14th | Dunkirk remains in English hands until Charles II sells it to Louis XIV in 1662 |
| 1658 | Death
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Sep 3rd | Death of Oliver Cromwell |
| Sep 3rd | Death of Oliver Cromwell, during a bout of malarial fever |
| 1658 | Burial
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Oct 18th | Lying-in-State from 18 October to 10 November at Somerset House |
| Oct 18th | Lying-in-State with an effigy, imitating the tradition of Kings |
| Jan 29th | Dragged through London, hung at Tyburn & buried beneath the gallows |
| Jan 29th | Exhumed at Westminster Abbey |
| 1660 | Exhumation
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| Jan 29th | Exhumed at Westminster Abbey |
| 1875 | Statue
Cromwell, Oliver | |
| | A statue in honour of Cromwell is unveiled |
| Sep 3rd | A statue in honour of Cromwell is unveiled opposite the Houses of Parliament |
| | A statues in honour of Oliver Cromwell is unveiled at St Ives |
