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| 1923 | Arrest
Goering, Herman |  |
| | Arrested for part played in the Beer Hall Putsch |
| 1923 | Arrest
Hess, Rudolph | |
| | Arrested for part played in the Beer Hall Putsch |
| 1923 | Arrest
Jager, Heinz | |
| | Arrested for refusing to sell his farm near the Berghof for Hitler's mountain lair |
| 1923 | Arrest
Ludendorf, Erich von | |
| | Arrested for his part in the Munich Beer Hall putsch |
| 1923 | Chairman
Fehrenbach, Konstantin | |
| | Appointed Chairman of the Catholic Centre Party |
| 1923 | Chancellor
Marx, Wihelm | |
| | Appointed Chancellor of Germany, 1st term |
| 1923 | Commander
Lossow, Otto Herman von | |
| | Appointed Commanding Officer in Bavaria |
| 1923 | Communist Party
Th„lmann, Ernst | |
| | A new KPD leadership loyal to Joseph Stalin, the new Soviet Premier, was installed, headed by Ernst Th„lmann, abandons the goal of immediate revolution, and from 1924 onwards contested Reichstag elections |
| 1923 | Coup d'Etat
Seeckt, Hans von | |
| | Suppresses the Hitler-Ludendorf led "beer hall putsch" |
| 1923 | Economy
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| | Occupation of the Ruhr leads to hyper-inflation |
| | The Republic claimed it could no longer afford the reparations payments required by the Versailles treaty, and the Government defaulted on some payments, in response, French and Belgian troops occupied the Ruhr |
| | Occupation of the Ruhr leads to hyper-inflation |
| 1923 | Economy
Marx, Wihelm | |
| | The Republic claimed it could no longer afford the reparations payments required by the Versailles treaty, and the Government defaulted on some payments, in response, French and Belgian troops occupied the Ruhr |
| 1923 | Hubble Space Telescope
Oberth, Hermann | |
| | Hermann Oberth, along with Robert Goddard and Konstantin Tsiolkovsky,, one of the three fathers of modern rocketry, publish "Die Rakete zu den Planetenr„umen" ("The Rocket into Planetary Space"), proposingg a telescope in space |
| 1923 | Meeting
Jodl, Alfred | |
| | 1st meets Hitler & is convinced of his "genius" |
| 1923 | Minister
Hilferding, Rudolf | |
| | Appointed Minister of Finance, 1st term |
| 1923 | Minister
Stressman, Gustav | |
| | Appointed Foreign Minister |
| | Appointed Foreign Minister |
| 1923 | Munich Beer Hall Putsch
Dietrich, Sepp | |
| | Takes part in the Munich Putsch |
| 1923 | Munich Beer Hall Putsch
Frank, Hans | |
| | Participates in the Munich putsch as a stormtrooper |
| 1923 | Munich Beer Hall Putsch
Rohm, Ernst | |
| | Participates in the Munich Beer Hall Puts |
| 1923 | NSDAP
Himmler, Heinrich | |
| | Appointed Member of the NSDAP |
| 1923 | Occupation
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| | The Ruhr is occupied by the French & Belgians after non-payment of reparations |
| | The Ruhr is occupied by the French & Belgians after non-payment of reparations |
| 1923 | Party Leader
Th„lmann, Ernst | |
| | A new KPD leadership loyal to Joseph Stalin, the new Soviet Premier, was installed, headed by Ernst Th„lmann, abandons the goal of immediate revolution, and from 1924 onwards contested Reichstag elections |
| 1923 | Plot
Schoerner, Ferdinand | |
| | Helps suppress the Beer-Hall Putsch in Munich |
| | Helps suppress the Beer-Hall Putsch in Munich |
| 1923 | Plot
Stressman, Gustav | |
| | Restores order after the Munich Beer Hall Putcsh |
| | Restores order after the Munich Beer Hall Putcsh |
| 1923 | President
Schacht, Horace Greeley Hjalmar | |
| | Appointed President of the Reichsbank, 1st term |
| | Appointed President of the Reichsbank, 1st term |
| 1923 | Publication
Einstein, Albert | |
| | Publication of, "The Meaning of Relativity" |
| 1923 | Rally
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | 1st Nazi rally is held in Munich & attracts 20,000 |
| 1923 | Rebellion
Stressman, Gustav | |
| | Puts down a Communist rebellion in Thuringia |
| | Puts down a Communist rebellion in Thuringia |
| 1923 | Reichcommissioner
Kahr, Gustav Ritter von | |
| | Appointed Reichcommissioner in Bavaria during a stae of emergency |
| 1923 | Stabswache
Berchtold, Joseph | |
| | Hitler orders the formation of a bodyguard for himself, the tiny unit, originally formed by only eight men (and commanded by Julius Schreck and Joseph Berchtold), is designated the Stabswache (Staff Guard) |
| 1923 | Stabswache
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Hitler orders the formation of a bodyguard for himself, the tiny unit, originally formed by only eight men (and commanded by Julius Schreck and Joseph Berchtold), is designated the Stabswache (Staff Guard) |
| | Soon after its formation, the Stabswache is renamed Stoátrupp (Shock Troop) Adolf Hitler. |
| 1923 | Stabswache
Schreck, Julius | |
| | Hitler orders the formation of a bodyguard for himself, the tiny unit, originally formed by only eight men (and commanded by Julius Schreck and Joseph Berchtold), is designated the Stabswache (Staff Guard) |
| 1923 | Stoátrupp
Hitler, Adolf | |
| | Soon after its formation, the Stabswache is renamed Stoátrupp (Shock Troop) Adolf Hitler. |
| 1923 | Economy
Marx, Wihelm | |
| Jan | At the end of the reparations moratorium, Germany cannot resume payments and defaults, France, accompanied by a token Belgian force, marches into the Ruhr Valley and sets up a military occupation |
| 1923 | Invasion of Germany
Marx, Wihelm | |
| Jan | At the end of the reparations moratorium, Germany cannot resume payments and defaults, France, accompanied by a token Belgian force, marches into the Ruhr Valley and sets up a military occupation |
| 1923 | Reparations
Marx, Wihelm | |
| Jan | At the end of the reparations moratorium, Germany cannot resume payments and defaults, France, accompanied by a token Belgian force, marches into the Ruhr Valley and sets up a military occupation |
| 1923 | Occupation
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 11th | French & Belgian troops march into the Ruhr after Germany defaults on reparations |
| Jan 11th | Hitler announces there will be 12 Party rallies on 27th January |
| 1923 | Occupation
Cuno, Wilhelm Carl Josef | |
| Jan 13th | German Chancellor Cuno declares "passive resistance", strikes, riots and bloody clashes of the occupation troops with workers are common |
| 1923 | Reparations
Cuno, Wilhelm Carl Josef | |
| Jan 13th | German Chancellor Cuno declares "passive resistance", strikes, riots and bloody clashes of the occupation troops with workers are common |
| 1923 | 1st Nazi Party Day
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 27th | Includes 12 public rallies held in & around Munich in defiance of a police ban |
| 1923 | Nazi Party Day
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 28th | The trooping of the SA colours takes plac attended by 60,000 storm troopers |
| 1923 | Trial
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Feb 24th | 1st day of Hitler's trial in Munich for treason |
| 1923 | Arrest
Hitler, Adolf | |
| April 1st | Imprisoned for 5 yrs in Landsberg fortress |
| 1923 | Jews
Hitler, Adolf | |
| April 13th | Blames the Jews for the loss of the war, inflation & the occupation of the Ruhr |
| 1923 | Speech
Hitler, Adolf | |
| April 13th | Blames the Jews for the loss of the war, inflation & the occupation of the Ruhr |
| 1923 | Death
Schlageter, Albert Leo | |
| May 27th | Albert Leo Schlageter, a German freebooter and saboteur, is executed by a French firing squad in the Ruhr, Hitler declares him a hero that the German nation was not worthy to possess |
| 1923 | Execution
Hitler, Adolf | |
| May 27th | Albert Leo Schlageter, a German freebooter and saboteur, is executed by a French firing squad in the Ruhr, Hitler declares him a hero that the German nation was not worthy to possess |
| 1923 | Execution
Schlageter, Albert Leo | |
| May 27th | Albert Leo Schlageter, a German freebooter and saboteur, is executed by a French firing squad in the Ruhr, Hitler declares him a hero that the German nation was not worthy to possess |
| 1923 | Devaluation
Cuno, Wilhelm Carl Josef | |
| June 22nd | 622,000 Marks to the pound sterling, halved in value in one month |
| June 22nd | 622,000 Marks to the pound sterling, halved in value in one month |
| 1923 | Arrest
Hitler, Adolf | |
| July 27th | Hitler is released |
| 1923 | Economy
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Aug | To further stabilise the economy Stressman reduces spending and bureaucracy while increasing taxes |
| 1923 | Rally
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Aug | 1st Nuremberg Nazi rally is held, Julius Streicher had suggested the location |
| 1923 | Rally
Streicher, Julius | |
| Aug | 1st Nuremberg Nazi rally is held, Julius Streicher had suggested the location |
| 1923 | Resignation
Cuno, Wilhelm Carl Josef | |
| Aug 12th | Resigns due to the collapse of the German economy |
| Aug 12th | Resigns due to the collapse of the German economy |
| 1923 | Chancellor
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Aug 13th | Appointed Chancellor in the "Great Coalition" |
| Aug 13th | Appointed Chancellor in the "Great Coalition" |
| 1923 | Economy
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Aug 13th | Six days after the Munich putch a reform of the German currency takes place and the Rentenmark is introduced, this effectively ends inflation |
| Aug 13th | Stresemann issues the Rentenmark, to halt the extreme hyperinflation crippling German society and the economy. It was successful because Stresemann refused to issue more currency, the cause of the inflationary spiral |
| 1923 | Government
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Aug 13th | Heads a coalition Government |
| 1923 | Rentenmark
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Aug 13th | Six days after the Munich putch a reform of the German currency takes place and the Rentenmark is introduced, this effectively ends inflation |
| Aug 13th | Stresemann issues the Rentenmark, to halt the extreme hyperinflation crippling German society and the economy. It was successful because Stresemann refused to issue more currency, the cause of the inflationary spiral |
| 1923 | Resignation
Cuno, Wilhelm Carl Josef | |
| Aug 13th | Wilhelm Cuno (No party affiliation) leaves office |
| 1923 | Deutscher Kampfund
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep | Forms a coalition, the Deutscher Kampfund, with other extremist Bavarian organizations |
| 1923 | Passive Resistance
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Sep 24th | Chancellor Stresemann ends the passive resistance in the Ruhr |
| 1923 | Occupation
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Sep 26th | New Chancellor Gustav Streseman ends the passive resistance during French occupation of the Ruhr |
| 1923 | Reparations
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Sep 26th | New Chancellor Gustav Streseman ends the passive resistance during French occupation of the Ruhr |
| 1923 | State of Emergency
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Sep 26th | A state of emergency is declared in Bavaria |
| 1923 | State of Emergency
Knilling, Eugen von | |
| Sep 26th | Declares a state of emergency in Bavaria |
| Sep 26th | Declares a state of emergency in Bavaria |
| 1923 | State of Emergency
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Sep 26th | Declares an end to passive resistance in the Ruhr |
| Sep 26th | Declares an end to passive resistance in the Ruhr |
| Sep 26th | Declares resumption of reparations payments & a state of emergency |
| 1923 | Black Reichswehr
Bock, Fedor von | |
| Sep 30th | Major Fedor von Bock crushes a Coup attempt by the Black Reichswehr |
| 1923 | Rebellion
Bock, Fedor von | |
| Sep 30th | Major Fedor von Bock crushes a Coup attempt by the Black Reichswehr |
| 1923 | Rebellion
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Sep 30th | Major Fedor von Bock crushes a Coup attempt by the Black Reichswehr |
| 1923 | Economy
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct | Inflation reaches an all time high, 1 US-Dollar costs 40 Billion Marks |
| Oct | War bonds (which are rated by Reichsmark, not Goldmark like the reparations) can be paid back without problems, savings on banks (or in war bonds) are lost, leading to widespread poverty |
| 1923 | Rebellion
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct | The Bavarian Government takes direct control over the local parts of the Reichswehr |
| Oct | Bloody street riots in Hamburg between Communists and the police |
| Oct | In Saxony and Thuringia the coalition-Governments of KPD and SPD protest against the prohibition of the Communist and socialist press, the Reichwehr forces these Governments to resign |
| Oct | In Saxony and Thuringia the coalition-Governments of KPD and SPD protest against the prohibition of the Communist and socialist press, the Reichwehr forces these Governments to resign |
| 1923 | Chancellor
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct 6th | Dr Gustav Stresemann (People's) forms 2nd cabinet |
| 1923 | Rebellion
Lossow, Otto von | |
| Oct 20th | General Otto von Lossow in Bavaria is relieved of command by Berlin; he refuses. |
| 1923 | Rebellion
Mueller, Alfred | |
| Oct 20th | General Alfred Mueller marches on Saxony to prevent a Communist takeover |
| 1923 | Rebellion
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct 20th | General Alfred Mueller marches on Saxony to prevent a Communist takeover |
| 1923 | Constitution
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct 21st | A Rhineland Republic supported by Belgium & France is declared at Aachen |
| 1923 | Occupation
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct 21st | With French support, separatists try to declare an independent "Rhine Republic" in Aachen, the plan fails due to resistance by the population and the British disapproval |
| 1923 | Rhine Republic
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct 21st | With French support, separatists try to declare an independent "Rhine Republic" in Aachen, the plan fails due to resistance by the population and the British disapproval |
| 1923 | Rule of Ruhr
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct 21st | With French support, separatists try to declare an independent "Rhine Republic" in Aachen, the plan fails due to resistance by the population and the British disapproval |
| 1923 | Birth
Trautman, Bernhard Carl "Bert" | |
| Oct 22nd | Birth of Bert Trautman |
| 1923 | Rebellion
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct 23rd | Communist takeover of Hamburg |
| 1923 | Rule of Pfalz
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct 24th | With French support, separatists try to declare an independet "Autonomous Pfalz" in Speyer |
| 1923 | Rebellion
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Oct 25th | Hamburg uprising suppressed |
| Oct 29th | The Socialist/Communist Government is suppressed in Saxony |
| Oct 29th | The Socialist/Communist Government is suppressed in Saxony |
| 1923 | Exile
Goering, Herman | |
| Nov | Escapes to Austria after the Munich Beer Hall Putsch then lives in Italy & Sweden |
| 1923 | Stoátrupp
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov | Hitler is imprisoned and the NSDAP and all associated formations, including the Stoátrupp, are officially disbanded |
| 1923 | SA
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 4th | Founds the SA |
| 1923 | Anniversary
Kahr, Gustav Ritter von | |
| Nov 8th | Holds a meeting of Nationalists to mark the 5th anniversary of the WW1 armistice |
| Nov 8th | Holds a meeting of Nationalists to mark the 5th anniversary of the WW1 armistice |
| 1923 | Munich Beer Hall Putsch
Goering, Herman | |
| Nov 8th | Severely wounded after the police open fire, wounds which effect his future health |
| 1923 | Munich Beer Hall Putsch
Kahr, Gustav Ritter von | |
| Nov 8th | Holds a meeting of Nationalists to mark the 5th anniversary of the WW1 armistice |
| Nov 8th | Holds a meeting of Nationalists to mark the 5th anniversary of the WW1 armistice |
| 1923 | Plot
Hess, Rudolph | |
| Nov 8th | Siezes Bavarian Government ministers & holds them under arrest |
| 1923 | Rebellion
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Nov 8th | Beer Hall Putsch in Munich |
| 1923 | Munich Beer Hall Putsch
Bauriedi, Andreas | |
| Nov 9th | Bauriedi's blood is spilt over the "Blutfahne", the relic NAZI standard |
| 1923 | Munich Beer Hall Putsch
Feder, Gottfried | |
| Nov 9th | Feder takes part in the party's Beer Hall Putsch |
| 1923 | Munich Beer Hall Putsch
Himmler, Heinrich | |
| Nov 9th | Arrives to take over the War Ministry but cannot gain entrance |
| Nov 9th | Marches alongside Ernst Rohm who the SS would later execute |
| 1923 | Munich Beer Hall Putsch
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 9th | A failed attempt by Hitler to topple the Bavarian Government & march on Berlin |
| 1923 | Munich Beer Hall Putsch
Ludendorf, Erich von | |
| Nov 9th | Arrives in the Burgerbraukeller in support of the putsch to take control of the Army |
| Nov 9th | Proposes the march through Munich which gives the NAZI's their 1st martyrs, 14 killed |
| Nov 9th | Arrives in the Burgerbraukeller in support of the putsch to take control of the Army |
| Nov 9th | Proposes the march through Munich which gives the NAZI's their 1st martyrs, 14 killed |
| 1923 | Munich Beer Hall Putsch
Rosenberg, Alfred | |
| Nov 9th | Marches through Munich in support of the Nazi Beer Hall Putsch |
| 1923 | Munich Beer Hall Putsch
Trambauer, Heinrich | |
| Nov 9th | Carries the "Blutfahne" as the standard bearer |
| 1923 | Plot
Lossow, Otto Herman von | |
| Nov 9th | Promises NAZI support but follows orders from the High Command to crush the putsch |
| 1923 | Rebellion
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Nov 9th | Beer Hall Putsch is crushed |
| 1923 | Stoátrupp
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 9th | The Stoátrupp, along with the SA and several other NSDAP paramilitary units, take part in the abortive Beer Hall Putsch in Munich |
| 1923 | Arrest
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Nov 11th | Hitler is imprisoned and the NSDAP and all associated formations, including the Stoátrupp, are officially disbanded |
| Nov 11th | Held in Landsberg fortress |
| Nov 11th | Arrested in Austria for part played in the Beer Hall Putsch |
| 1923 | Reichswaehrungskommissar
Schacht, Horace Greeley Hjalmar | |
| Nov 12th | Dr Hjalmar Horace Greeley Schacht is named ''Reichswaehrungskommissar'' |
| 1923 | Economy
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 15th | A new currency, the Rentenmark, is introduced at the rate of 1 trillion (1,000,000,000,000) Papiermark for 1 Rentenmark. At that time, 1 U.S. dollar was equal to 4.2 Rentenmark |
| 1923 | Economy
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Nov 15th | Old Reichsmark 4,200,000,000 = 1 US dollar |
| Nov 15th | Rentenmark issued; pegged to the Gold Standard; Rentenmark 4.2 = 1 US dollar; at this time |
| 1923 | Rentenmark
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Nov 15th | Rentenmark issued; pegged to the Gold Standard; Rentenmark 4.2 = 1 US dollar; at this time |
| 1923 | Resignation
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Nov 23rd | Forced to resign after the Social Democrats leave the coalition |
| Nov 30th | Dr Stresemann leaves office |
